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In a victory for importers and a setback for the Trump administration, the Court of International Trade struck down a second round of worldwide tariffs that the president ordered to replace import levies that were outlawed by the U.S. Supreme Court.

The court's decision was limited to two importers who challenged the tariffs, along with the state of Washington. It was not immediately clear whether other importers would have to keep paying the levies.

"That's a very good question and one we've sort of been wrestling with," said Jeffrey Schwab, who represented the importers on behalf of the Liberty Justice Center. "It's not entirely clear and probably will depend on what happens now."

The White House did not immediately respond to a request for comment.

After the Supreme Court ruled in February that President Trump had exceeded his authority in ordering double-digit tariffs on virtually everything the U.S. imports, Trump sought to replace the import taxes using a different law. But that law only authorizes tariffs in response to large and persistent balance-of-payments deficits. The trade court ruled that condition does not currently exist, so the replacement tariffs are not warranted.

A balance-of-payments deficit is distinct from a trade deficit, something the administration itself acknowledged earlier in court.

The new tariffs were time limited in any case, and set to expire in July. The administration continues to explore other options to impose tariffs using different statutes.

The initial, emergency tariffs cost importers tens of billions of dollars; The government now plans to refund more than $166 billion, with the first payments expected next week.

Jay Foreman, whose Basic Fun! company imports toys such as Lincoln Logs and Tonka Trucks, expects to collect some $7 million in refunds for the earlier tariffs. His company is one of the two that successfully challenged the replacement levies.

"The administration can take its shot and do what they want, but we can also fight back," Foreman said. "We fought back today and we won and we're extremely excited."

Foreman says while it makes sense to impose tariffs on some strategic imports, a blanket 10% levy on products from all over the world hurts businesses and consumers.

"To approach this situation with a bazooka instead of a fine-tooth comb makes no sense," Foreman said.