Severe abuse can leave lasting mental scars and behavioural problems in children, psychologists have warned after two toddlers in Hong Kong were allegedly confined in a dog cage, a case that sparked public outrage and renewed calls for earlier reporting and intervention.

The calls for action came as the latest official statistics showed that more than 100 reports had been made since a mandatory reporting requirement for suspected child abuse came into effect in January.

Professor Hou Wai-kai, from the department of psychology at the Education University of Hong Kong, said adverse childhood experiences – traumatic events affecting youngsters, such as violence and abuse – could have long-term negative impacts on health and well-being.

He said these experiences could lead to mental health conditions such as anxiety and depression, as well as behavioural problems including inattention, impulsivity, conduct disorder, and oppositional defiant disorder, which is characterised by a persistent pattern of anger and irritability.

“Many mental disorders are related to adverse childhood experiences, which can affect one’s physical and mental health during childhood, adolescence and adulthood,” he said.

The abuse of children has once again been thrust into the spotlight after a domestic helper was arrested for allegedly confining two toddlers in her care in a dog cage.