Southeast Asia stands at the threshold of a nuclear renaissance. Vietnam and Russia signed an agreement in March for the Ninh Thuan 1 Nuclear Power Plant. The Philippines and Indonesia aim to have operational reactors by the early 2030s. Malaysia, Thailand and Singapore are studying small modular reactors.

Given heightened energy insecurity, climate commitments and the imperative to meet surging electricity demand from industrial growth, data centres and AI development, nuclear energy is featuring more saliently in Southeast Asian economies’ development strategies.

Against this backdrop, China stands as an attractive partner alongside established exporters such as France, Russia, South Korea and the United States.

China’s nuclear export strategy is anchored in domestic industrial capacity built over six decades. With 61 operational reactors and 36 under construction as of 2026, China operates the world’s third-largest nuclear reactor network and is leading in new reactor construction. This experience has yielded technological self-sufficiency: China now designs, manufactures and constructs reactors domestically with primarily indigenous intellectual property rights.

The flagship of China’s export push is the Hualong One, a third-generation pressurised water reactor developed by China National Nuclear Corporation and China General Nuclear Power Group (CGN). With 41 units operational or under construction, it is one of the world’s most widely deployed reactor designs. It features advanced active and passive safety systems, can operate for 72 hours without external power, and generates 1,090-1,100 megawatts per unit, which can meet the electricity needs of up to 1 million homes.