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香港地名“灣”的特殊讀法
2026-03-09 · via neverland

香港地名“灣”的特殊讀法 (2026-03-09 11:48)

劉擇明、鄧思穎

香港個別地名“灣”的特殊讀法,反映香港地名的一些歷史來源。[…] [土瓜灣、長沙灣、銅鑼灣] 這些地名的“灣”字,來源可能是四邑話(開平、恩平)地名的低變調。四邑話來源可以說明《新安縣地圖》中“土瓜灣”的“瓜”記成“家”,“長沙灣”的“長”英譯沒有記成客家話的“Chong”,“灣”字讀低變調而保留 [a] 元音等情況。本文的分析,也應該適用於“上環、中環、西環”等地名的“環”字。

香港島北部維多利亞城的主要地名“上環、中環、西環、下環”,和後來的“銅鑼灣”都有陽平調的 [wan21]。這些地方和四邑地區的關聯更大。Carroll(2007: 19)指出香港島人口在 1841 年 1 月開埠時只有五千到七千人。開埠一年後,即 1842 年,增加至一萬五千到二萬人。香港島北岸原來的無人之地,短時間內發展成香港的行政中心。在短短一年間大幅增加的這批移民,究竟從何而來?恰巧負責建設維多利亞城的,就是原籍四邑開平的譚亞財;而後來大批經香港轉往北美的移民,也多是從開平出發的(Carroll 2007: 60)。雖然現在四邑話一般以台山台城話為代表,但香港開埠初期時,沒有來自台山的代表人物,開平人的比例較高,內部以開平話對話也不足為奇。這些移民的口語讀音,可能就是香港島北部海灣 [wan21] 地名的來源。事實上,“環”字地名字的寫法是到了後期才固定下來,早期曾經寫作“灣”(H. B.1873)、也寫作“還”。H. B.(1873)指出是先有“中灣”“上灣”的寫法,後來才改用“環”字。由此推斷,“環”這讀音是口語傳入,而且可能受到四邑移民的影響所致。某些地名,講廣州話的人聽到實際發音後改用“環”或“還”去記錄這個“灣”的特殊讀法,但某幾個地名一直保留“灣”的寫法。後來發展銅鑼灣一帶的商人利希慎,也是四邑人,銅鑼灣甚至有恩平道、新會道,開平道、新寧道等以四邑地名命名的街道,可見四邑人跟香港島北部的淵源,也說明了四邑人對香港的影響。