Russia used its powerful hypersonic Oreshnik ballistic missile for a third time in Ukraine as part of a massive attack on Kyiv and its surrounding region that killed at least four people and injured about 100.

Russia hit the city of Bila Tserkva in the Kyiv region with the missile, Ukraine’s president, Volodymyr Zelenskyy, said. He described a heavy Russian assault that also hit a water supply facility, burned down a market and damaged dozens of residential buildings and several schools.

“They are genuinely deranged,” Zelenskyy said on Telegram.

Adding further details on Sunday, Zelenskyy wrote on X that about 100 people had been injured across the country and four had died as a result of the Russian attack, which he said had hit Kyiv the hardest.

Russia’s defence ministry confirmed the use of the Oreshnik, which is capable of carrying nuclear or conventional warheads, making it the third time the weapon has been used in the conflict.

Quoted by local news agencies, the Russian defence ministry said it had carried out successful attacks on Ukrainian military command facilities, airbases and other military enterprises, using Oreshnik, Iskander, Kinzhal and Zircon missiles.

It said the attack was retaliation for Ukrainian strikes on “civilian facilities on Russian territory”.

Zelenskyy described a “heavy attack” targeting Kyiv that involved 600 drones and 90 missiles of various kinds, 36 of which were ballistic ones.

“Unfortunately, not all of the ballistic missiles were intercepted – the largest number of hits was in Kyiv. Kyiv was the primary target of this Russian attack,” he wrote on X.

“It is important that this does not pass without consequences for Russia.”

Vitali Klitschko, Kyiv’s mayor, said two people had been killed in the capital and 56 wounded, while the head of the surrounding Kyiv region said two people had also been killed there, and nine wounded, based on preliminary estimates.

Klitschko said damage had been recorded in every district of Kyiv, adding that an attack on a school had started a fire and another on a business centre led to people being trapped in a shelter.

Svitlana Onofryichuk, a Kyiv resident who had worked for 22 years in the market that was hit, told the Associated Press: “It was a terrible night and there has never been anything like it in the entire war.

“I am very sorry that I have to say goodbye to Kyiv now, I am not staying there any more, there is no possibility,” she added. “My job is gone, everything is gone, everything has burned down.”

Yevhen Zosin, 74, who witnessed the attack in Kyiv, told AP that when he heard the explosion he rushed to grab his dog.

“Then there was another explosion and she and I were thrown back like a pin by the shock wave. We both survived, she and I. My apartment was blown to pieces,” he said.

Ukraine’s National Art Museum, housing one of the country’s largest and most important collections, was also damaged in the blast, the culture ministry said, posting images of damaged ceilings, broken windows, shattered glass and debris scattered across floors and staircases.

Staff and services were inspecting the building to assess the extent of the damage. The Kyiv Independent reported that the collection was not damaged.

“Russia is systematically attacking civilian infrastructure and cultural institutions. Each such strike is an attempt to intimidate and destroy our identity,” Tetyana Berezhna, Ukraine’s minister of culture, wrote on Instagram.

Ukraine’s foreign ministry was damaged for the first time since the second world war, Andrii Sybiha, the foreign minister, said. The historic building with “unique architectural heritage” had been lightly damaged as a result of nearby explosions, he said.

Russian strikes had “targeted a historic area”, Sybiha added. “Yet another proof we are dealing with hordes of barbarians, not the heirs of civilisation.”

Vladimir Putin has long claimed that Ukraine is part of Russia’s historic lands, to buttress his justification for the illegal invasion.

Ukraine’s government headquarters were also damaged, with windows blown out, but no one injured, said Yulia Svyrydenko, the prime minister.

The intense barrage on Kyiv came after Putin vowed revenge on Ukraine, having accused its forces of a deadly drone attack on a student dormitory in Luhansk, a Russian-controlled region in eastern Ukraine.

Ukraine denied the Russian accusations and said it had struck an elite drone command unit in the area.

The Russian government said the attack in Starobilsk had killed 21 people and wounded 42 others, and Putin said he had ordered his military to prepare options to retaliate.

At a UN security council emergency meeting called by Russia, Ukraine’s ambassador rejected Russia’s accusations of war crimes, calling them a “pure propaganda show”.

Emmanuel Macron, the French president, condemned the attacks, including the use of the Oreshnik missile, which he said signalled “the dead end of Russia’s war of aggression”, while the German chancellor, Friedrich Merz, called the use of that weapon a “reckless escalation”.

Kaja Kallas, the EU’s foreign policy chief, said: “Russia hit a dead end on the battlefield, so it terrorises Ukraine with deliberate strikes on city centres. These are abhorrent acts of terror meant to kill as many civilians as possible.”

She described the use of the Oreshnik as a “political scare tactic and reckless nuclear brinkmanship”, adding that next week EU foreign ministers would discuss “how to dial up the international pressure on Russia”.

Beate Meinl-Reisinger, Austria’s foreign minister, among other European leaders, offered support to Ukraine, saying she was “deeply appalled” by Russia’s huge attack on Kyiv.

“These attacks only reinforce what is at stake: Ukraine’s freedom, Europe’s security, our shared values,” she wrote on X.

Her UK counterpart, Yvette Cooper, said: “Moscow’s escalating assault on Ukrainian civilians betrays its weakness.”

Hours before the latest attacks, Zelenskyy wrote on social media that US and European partners had warned Ukraine that Russia was preparing a strike with the Oreshnik missile.

Russia first used the Oreshnik on the Ukrainian city of Dnipro in November 2024, then a second time in January in the western Lyiv region.

Putin has previously claimed that the Oreshnik is impossible to intercept, as it travels at 10 times the speed of sound – and that its destructive power rivals that of a nuclear weapon even when armed with a conventional warhead.

Although some western analysts have expressed scepticism about those claims, Ukraine has no air defence systems capable of intercepting the missile.