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一款新型减肥针剂似乎在市场上的其他肥胖症药物中表现更优
Maya Yang · 2026-05-22 · via The Guardian

一项新减肥药物在一项大规模试验中帮助参与者比市面上已有的其他肥胖症药物减重更多——平均减掉了他们体重的28%——礼来公司于周四宣布

位于印第安纳州的这家制药公司在一份新闻稿中说,对于接受12mg剂量治疗的参与者,每周一次的三重激素受体激动剂瑞他鲁肽使平均体重减轻了70.3磅(28.3%),其中45.3%的人实现了至少30%的体重减轻。

在礼来公司的三期临床试验中,2,339名肥胖或超重、至少有一种与体重相关的合并症且没有糖尿病的成年人被随机分配接受4mg、9mg、12mg的瑞他鲁肽或安慰剂治疗。该公司表示,在超过80周的时间里,接受最高剂量治疗的参与者实现了显著的体重减轻。

服用9mg和12mg瑞他鲁肽的患者分别平均减重64.4磅(25.9%)和70.3磅(28.3%)。与此同时,服用4mg剂量的患者减重47.2磅(19.0%),尽管仅有一个剂量递增步骤。

“这是我见过任何药物试验中最大的体重减轻,”北卡罗来纳州杜克健康人口健康管理办公室的高级医学总监、内分泌学家苏珊·斯普拉特博士表示。NBC News。“这太重要了。”

该公司还报告称,在12mg方案中,65.3%的参与者将体重指数(BMI)降至30以下——这是肥胖的临床阈值——包括37.5%的个体,他们在试验开始时的BMI为40或更高。

根据礼来公司的试验,使用瑞他鲁肽减肥的效果似乎超过了其他减肥药物通常能达到的效果,包括礼来的自研药物Zepbound和诺和诺德的Wegovy。在Zepbound上用户预计将损失平均15%至20% 在72周内起始体重超过72周。在Wegovy中,用户 可逐渐在64至72周内减少平均14%至19%的起始体重。

虽然一些减肥药物,如Wegovy,现在也有片剂形式,但retatrudtide和Zepbound每周注射一次,剂量会随着时间的推移逐渐增加。

瑞他鲁肽是一种GLP-1类似物,与Wegovy和Zepbound类似,同时也是一种GIP(葡萄糖依赖性胰岛素促分泌肽),与Zepbound类似,但它还包含一种其他市面上的减肥药物都没有的激素:胰高血糖素,一种由胰腺产生的激素,它通过提高血糖水平来防止血糖过低。这三种激素协同作用有助于新陈代谢、控制食欲和维持能量。

除了减肥之外,使用瑞他鲁肽的患者确实报告了与药物相关的各种副作用。在接收4mg剂量的参与者中,有28.6%报告了恶心,9mg剂量组为38.4%,12mg剂量组为42.4%,而安慰剂组为14.8%。其他副作用包括腹泻,影响了三个剂量组中分别为25.2%、34.1%和32.0%的患者,与安慰剂组的13.5%相比。大约四分之一的受治疗患者报告了便秘,而接受安慰剂治疗的患者中这一比例为10.9%。

呕吐随着剂量增加而增加,在最高剂量组中,高达四分之一的患者出现呕吐,而安慰剂组为4.8%。在服用4mg瑞他鲁肽的患者中,报告了14.2%的呼吸道感染,9mg组为12.2%,12mg组为13.1%,而安慰剂组为11.6%。

“看到每剂瑞他鲁肽都使几乎所有参与者实现了具有临床意义的体重减轻,这令人印象深刻,而且接受最高剂量治疗的严重肥胖患者平均在两年内减掉了30%的体重,”负责该研究的耶鲁医学院医学与儿科教授Ania Jastreboff在随新闻稿发布的声明中说。

“重要的是,使用瑞他鲁肽进行治疗不仅带来了显著的体重减轻,还改善了评估的心脏代谢健康指标。”

随着减肥药物近期越来越受欢迎,新兴研究表明GLP-1受体激动剂除了减肥外可能还有其他益处,包括预防焦虑和抑郁的恶化,以及显著降低了与疾病相关的缺勤率,降幅近半.

礼来公司表示,Retatrutide在多项心血管风险因素上,包括高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、甘油三酯和收缩压,均显示出从基线显著改善。