OxyContin maker Purdue Pharma is set to be dissolved and replaced by a company focused on the public good by the week’s end, as a sweeping legal settlement resolving thousands of lawsuits takes effect.

A federal judge on Tuesday delivered a criminal sentence to the company to resolve a US Department of Justice investigation – a last necessary step to clear the way for the settlement.

Some victims of the opioid crisis, which has been linked to more than 900,000 deaths in the US since 1999, gave impact statements. Many of those affected by the crisis tried to persuade the judge to reject the negotiated sentence, arguing it doesn’t provide them with real justice.

Here’s a look at the situation.

Sentence calls for money but no individual punishment

Purdue reached a deal with the justice department in 2020 to resolve criminal and civil investigations the company was facing.

The Stamford, Connecticut-based company admitted it did not have an effective program to keep its powerful prescription painkillers from being diverted to the black market, even though it told the US Drug Enforcement Administration that it did.

It also admitted it paid doctors through a speakers program to prescribe the drugs and paid an electronic medical records company to send doctors information on patients that encouraged more opioid prescriptions.

Only the company was charged – not individuals.

The guilty plea and civil settlement with the federal government included $8.3bn in forfeitures, fines and penalties. But the federal government agreed in a negotiated settlement to collect just $225m in exchange for Purdue reaching a separate settlement of the thousands of lawsuits it faced from state, local and Native American tribal governments, along with other groups. Purdue’s guilty plea did not include restitution to victims.

After years of legal twists and turns – and $1bn and counting in legal and professional fees for the parties – the broader sentence was approved by a bankruptcy judge in November.

‘We still deserve justice’

Madeline Cox Arleo, a US district judge, on Tuesday heard in person and by teleconference from people affected by opioids in several ways: mothers who lost sons to overdose, a teenager born into withdrawal and whose mother later died, and people who were prescribed OxyContin after accidents and spent years dealing with addiction treatment and financial and emotional turmoil.

Many asked Arleo, who at times appeared to be on the verge of tears, to reject the negotiated sentence.

Alexis Pluis, an upstate New York mother who lost a son to opioids in 2014, said she doesn’t expect to receive anything from the settlement because she can’t locate 23-year-old medical records showing her son was prescribed OxyContin.

“We still deserve justice,” she said. “And this isn’t it.”

More than 54,000 people with personal injury claims voted to accept the settlement; about 200 said no.

Michele Wagner, whose son died of an overdose, said outside the courthouse last week that she wanted to see Sackler family members who own Purdue criminally charged. “Justice to me looks like more than just money,” she said.

Kara Trainor, who is in recovery from an addiction that began with an OxyContin prescription in 2002 and served on a committee involved in the settlement talks, wants the sentence approved because she believes that it can lead to closure.

“For me to be the best version of myself in my own recovery, I had to start healing and gravitate away from the anger I felt,” she said. “The anger itself was poisonous to me. It was destroying my mental health.”

Sackler family members to pay up to $7bn

The settlement, which Purdue says could take effect as soon as Friday, calls for members of the Sackler family, who own the company, to contribute up to $7bn over 15 years. Most of the money is to go to government entities to use to fight the opioid crisis.

Early in Tuesday’s hearing, Arleo asked lawyers why Sackler family members were being allowed to pay over 15 years. She was told it was because they had to sell other businesses to secure the cash.

The judge offered a different reason. “They’d rather pay it from future money than pay it now,” she said.

A Purdue lawyer said most of the lawsuits against the company over opioids did not include specific financial claims. But the ones in those that did totalled over $40tn in damages.

The settlement is among the largest in a series of settlements by drugmakers, wholesalers and pharmacies in recent years – and the only major one that includes payments for some individual victims or their survivors.

Payments to individual victims are expected to range from about $8,000 to about $16,000.

Overall, the settlements are worth more than $50bn, and most of the money is to be used to address the overdose epidemic.

Under the Purdue deal, members of the Sackler family will be shielded from lawsuits over opioids from those who agree to the payments. Family members received payments from the company totalling about $10.7bn from 2008 through 2018, but said nearly half that amount was used to pay taxes on behalf of the business.

As part of the settlement, Purdue itself will cease to exist and be replaced by a new company, Knoa Pharma, with a board appointed by the states and an aim of combating the opioid crisis. Millions of internal Purdue documents are to be made public.

Members of the Sackler family also have agreed not to object if their names are taken off museums and other institutions they’ve supported.