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特朗普說他不做壞交易,但即使是共和黨的鹰派人士現在也懷疑這一點。
Patrick Wint · 2026-05-25 · via The Guardian

每年5月24日,伊朗人會慶祝一場歷史性的勝利,即在1982年的兩伊戰爭中解放了赫爾馬什哈爾。

今年,一些人希望與美國簽署的和平協議可能標誌著他們國家歷史上的類似轉折點。

最後一刻的分歧意味著,最終巴基斯坦备忘錄看起來不太可能如預期般在星期日簽署,但顯然美國已經接受,無法透過戰爭達成其在2月28日開始衝突時所設定的目標,即迫使伊朗在核計畫上做出讓步。

相反,美國顯然必須承諾立即解凍數十億伊朗資產,並將其交給一個比參戰時更強硬的政權。作為回報,赫爾木茲海峽將逐步重新開放,商業交通將恢復戰前水平,從而解除對全球經濟的壓制。

所以,伊朗以恢復戰前狀態為交換,收回其資產。資產的數量和分配時間可能取決於它在核問題上的讓步,尤其是其高濃度鈾儲備。正是對此的分歧觸發了最後一刻的延誤,導致星期日談判未能達成協議,因為伊朗堅持核談判不能在這樣的內建承諾下開始。

唐納·川普堅稱他不做壞交易,並說這不是一個壞交易。但民主黨和共和黨鹰派都花了48小時挑戰這個評估。奧巴馬時期的外交政策顧問本·羅德斯巧妙地說道:「除了讓伊朗革命衛隊(IRGC)負責伊朗和赫爾木茲海峽之外,行動大獵戰(美國-以色列對伊朗的戰爭)沒有取得任何成就」。

Crisis Group 的伊朗專案主管阿里·維茲說:「華盛頓的伊朗鹰派已經得到了兩場戰爭、幾乎所有可想像的制裁名單、一場封鎖,打亂了全球經濟,而且他們還會宣稱只需要一點壓力,稍微多炸一點,就能神奇地獲得他們仍然不會滿足的讓步。」

來自昆西思想庫的崔拉·帕爾西認為,特朗普僅僅是談判回歸了他本應在最初停火宣布時持有的地位,但在那個停火隨後被他在4月13日決定對伊朗港口實施美國封鎖而推翻,導致伊朗重新實施其實際上的封鎖。

簡單來說,特朗普花費了數十億美元,到目前為止在核問題上並沒有比他在2022年2月26日在戰爭爆發前在日內瓦舉行的上一輪談判中取得的進展更進一步。難怪如此共和黨鹰派人士如湯姆·克魯茲警告將會發生災難.

伊朗外交部長阿巴斯·阿拉格里發布聲明,否認美國媒體報導伊朗已同意將濃縮铀輸出國外或接受十年內的濃縮上限。他表示,伊朗只願意在60天的時間框架內討論這些問題,這幾乎沒有在日內瓦的立場上取得進展。這並不意味著伊朗完全排除在此領域做出讓步,正如特朗普在周六與擔憂的以色列總理本傑明·內塔尼亞胡會談中所保證的那樣,但這個目標現在必須通過外交手段,而不是軍事力量來實現。同樣地,以色列關於伊朗導彈、無人機和代理人的議程也已被推遲。

事實上,伊朗總統馬蘇德·佩澤什基安堅持認為,談判將顯示伊朗願意向西方證明其並未尋求核武器。就伊朗核計畫達成協議的過程是艱鉅且技術性的,但它是可以實現的,尤其是如果伊朗不認為其是在軍事脅迫下進行談判。

但至少目前放棄軍事路線將對內塔尼亞胡造成打擊,尤其是在選舉年。此外,這也發生在美國內部對以色列的支持在幾乎所有人口統計群體中都嚴重削弱的時候,除了年長的共和黨選民。

以色列仍然反對備忘錄的部分內容,特別是黎巴嫩停火框架。以色列正施壓華盛頓包含允許其以反應「任何威脅」為理由在黎巴嫩進行軍事行動的語句。伊朗拒絕這種表達方式,並堅持要求一項持續和永久的停火。

Hormuz海峽未來治理的每一個方面並未達成共識。伊朗與阿曼正就波斯灣海峽管理局的角色展開討論,但阿曼不太可能支持收費的觀念,而伊朗可能會發現其新發現的武器實際上是一項逐漸減少的資產。