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Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence

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Benchmarking LLMs for Political Science: A United Nations...
Yueqing Lian · 2026-03-14 · via Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence

Authors

  • Yueqing Liang Illinois Institute of Technology
  • Liangwei Yang Salesforce Research
  • Chen Wang University of Illinois Chicago
  • Congying Xia Meta GenAI
  • Rui Meng Salesforce Research
  • Xiongxiao Xu Illinois Institute of Technology
  • Haoran Wang Emory University
  • Ali Payani Cisco Research
  • Kai Shu Emory University

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i1.37040

Abstract

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved significant advances in natural language processing, yet their potential for high-stake political decision-making remains largely unexplored. This paper addresses the gap by focusing on the application of LLMs to the United Nations (UN) decision-making process, where the stakes are particularly high and political decisions can have far-reaching consequences. We introduce a novel dataset comprising publicly available UN Security Council (UNSC) records from 1994 to 2024, including draft resolutions, voting records, and diplomatic speeches. Using this dataset, we propose the United Nations Benchmark (UNBench), the first comprehensive benchmark designed to evaluate LLMs across four interconnected political science tasks: co-penholder judgment, representative voting simulation, draft adoption prediction, and representative statement generation. These tasks span the three stages of the UN decision-making process—drafting, voting, and discussing—and aim to assess LLMs' ability to understand and simulate political dynamics. Our experimental analysis demonstrates the potential and challenges of applying LLMs in this domain, providing insights into their strengths and limitations in political science. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first benchmark to systematically evaluate LLMs in UN decision-making, contributing to the growing intersection of AI and political science.

How to Cite

Liang, Y., Yang, L., Wang, C., Xia, C., Meng, R., Xu, X., … Shu, K. (2026). Benchmarking LLMs for Political Science: A United Nations Perspective. Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, 40(1), 738–745. https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v40i1.37040

Issue

Section

AAAI Technical Track on Application Domains I