What is Azure Linux?

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Azure linux is a Linux distribution built for Microsoft’s cloud infrastructure. It can be used as a base OS when creating node pools in Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS) clusters. Using Azure linux as a base OS for AKS node pools has several benefits, such as lower resources footprint, faster boot times, and better security.

Using VictoriaMetrics to monitor services running in AKS with Azure Linux

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VictoriaMetrics is a high-performance, cost-effective, and scalable open source monitoring solution that can be used to monitor services running in AKS with Azure Linux. It can be used in order to monitor the applications running in AKS with Azure Linux, as well as the underlying infrastructure.

How to deploy VictoriaMetrics in AKS

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Pre-requisites:

• An Azure account
• An AKS cluster with Azure Linux node pools
• kubectl installed on your local machine and configured to connect to the AKS cluster
• helm installed on your local machine

In order to deploy VictoriaMetrics by using a Helm chart in AKS with Azure Linux, you can follow these steps:

1. Prepare configuration values for the Helm chart. You can use the following values.yaml file as a starting point:

   victoria-metrics-operator:
     podSecurityContext:
       seccompProfile:
         type: RuntimeDefault
     securityContext:
       runAsUser: 1001
       runAsNonRoot: true
       readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
       allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
       capabilities:
         drop:
           - ALL
     env:
       - name: VM_ENABLESTRICTSECURITY
         value: "true"
   

   This configuration is an example of how to enable strict security settings for the VictoriaMetrics operator. It sets strict security settings for the operator’s pod, such as running as a non-root user, using a read-only root filesystem, and dropping all capabilities. This configuration should be suitable for most use cases, but you can adjust it according to your needs.

   You can adjust other parameters in the values.yaml file according to your requirements. See the Helm chart documentation.

2. Add the VictoriaMetrics Helm repository to your Helm client:

       helm repo add vm https://victoriametrics.github.io/helm-charts/
       helm repo update
   

3. Install the VictoriaMetrics Kubernetes stack by using the Helm chart:

       helm install vm-k8s-stack vm/victoria-metrics-k8s-stack -f values.yaml
   

   This command installs the VictoriaMetrics operator and the VictoriaMetrics single-node in your AKS cluster with Azure Linux nodes. It also deploys resources for basic monitoring of the cluster and the applications running in it, such as node exporter, kube-state-metrics, Grafana and Alertmanager.

Accessing Grafana dashboards

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Once this will be completed you can access Grafana dashboard by using port-forwarding:

kubectl port-forward svc/vm-k8s-stack-grafana 3000:80

Alternatively, it is possible to use an Ingress or LoadBalancer service to expose Grafana UI to the public internet. Note that setting up Microsoft Entra ID authentication for Grafana requires an endpoint with HTTPS enabled.

Default password can be obtained by using the following command:

kubectl get secret vm-k8s-stack-grafana -o jsonpath="{.data.admin-password}" | base64 --decode

Default administrator account is admin and password is the one you’ve obtained in the previous step.

By default, victoria-metrics-k8s-stack Helm chart deploys a set of dashboards for monitoring Kubernetes cluster and VictoriaMetrics itself. Once the deployment is completed you can navigate to Grafana UI and start exploring the dashboards.

At this point you can use VictoriaMetrics to monitor the AKS Cluster and the applications running on it. To Collect Metrics for other applications from other clusters, please refer to our documentation.

• example configuration for VMServiceScrape
• operator CRDs reference The VictoriaMetrics operator will automatically configure vmagent instances to scrape metrics from your applications and services based on the custom resources you define.

Hardening the security of your monitoring setup with VictoriaMetrics Enterprise

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VictoriaMetrics Enterprise provides additional features for securing your monitoring setup, such as OIDC authentication and access control. The next section will cover how to set up OIDC for authentication with VictoriaMetrics using vmgateway.

You can request a free trial access to VictoriaMetrics Enterprise by using this form.

Setting up OIDC for Azure Entra with VictoriaMetrics

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In order to improve security of your monitoring setup, you can use OIDC for authentication with VictoriaMetrics. VictoriaMetrics Enterprise provides a component which can be used as a reverse proxy for authentication purposes - vmgateway. It allows to authenticate users before they access VictoriaMetrics and enforce access control policies.

Microsoft Entra ID is a cloud-based identity and access management service that can be used to authenticate users. You can use Microsoft Entra ID as an authentication provider for VictoriaMetrics by following these steps:

1. Create an Application in Entra admin center. See this guide for step-by-step instructions: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/identity-platform/quickstart-register-app

2. Configure Grafana to use Microsoft Entra ID as an authentication provider. See this guide for step-by-step instructions: https://grafana.com/docs/grafana/latest/setup-grafana/configure-security/configure-authentication/azuread/

   Use the following configuration values in Grafana for reference:

grafana:
  env:
    GF_AUTH_AZUREAD_CLIENT_ID: <tenant-id>
    GF_AUTH_AZUREAD_CLIENT_SECRET: <client-secret>
  grafana.ini:
    server:
      domain: "<grafana-domain>"
      root_url: "https://<grafana-domain>" # Note that HTTPS is required for OIDC
    auth.azuread:
      enabled: true
      allow_sign_up: true
      scopes: "openid email profile"
      auth_url: https://login.microsoftonline.com/<tenant_id>/oauth2/v2.0/authorize
      token_url: https://login.microsoftonline.com/<tenant_id>/oauth2/v2.0/token
      allowed_organizations: <tenant_id>

Set up authentication for VictoriaMetrics access by using vmgateway

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1. Create a secret with your VictoriaMetrics Enterprise license key:

   kubectl create secret generic vm-license --from-literal=license=<license-key>
   

2. Deploy vmgateway by using a Helm chart. Save the following as a values-vmgateway.yaml file:

   license:
     secret:
       name: vm-license
       key: license
   
   image:
     tag: v1.104.0-enterprise
   
   auth:
     enabled: true
   
   clusterMode: "<cluster-mode>"
   
   read:
     url: "<victoriametrics-read-url>"
   
   write:
     url: "<victoriametrics-write-url>"
   
   extraArgs:
     envflag.enable: "true"
     envflag.prefix: VM_
     loggerFormat: json
     auth.oidcDiscoveryEndpoints: "https://login.microsoftonline.com/<tenant_id>/v2.0/.well-known/openid-configuration"
     auth.httpHeader: "X-Id-Token"
     auth.httpHeaderAllowWithoutPrefix: "false"
   

   Where <victoriametrics-read-url> and <victoriametrics-write-url> are the URLs of your VictoriaMetrics instances for read and write operations. For single-node type of deployment the URL will be the same for both options, it should be in the following format: http://vmsingle-vm-victoria-metrics-k8s-stack.vm.svc:8428.

   Cluster type of deployment will have different URLs for read and write operations, see the following docs for the details.

   <cluster-mode> needs to be set to false for single-node deployment and true for cluster deployment.

   Perform the installation by using the following command:

   helm install vm-gateway vm/victoria-metrics-gateway -f values-gateway.yaml
   

3. Add Grafana datasource configuration to query VictoriaMetrics via vmgateway. Update Grafana deployment configuration to add the following:

   grafana:
     datasources:
       datasources.yaml:
         apiVersion: 1
         datasources:
         - name: VictoriaMetrics-vmgateway
           type: prometheus
           url: http://vm-gateway-victoria-metrics-gateway:8431
           access: proxy
           isDefault: false
           jsonData:
             oauthPassThru: true
   

   Using oauthPassThru instructs Grafana to send authentication token from Microsoft Entra ID to the datasource endpoint. vmgateway will use these tokens to verify if user is allowed to access VictoriaMetrics.

4. Set up attribute mapping for vm_access field. In order to enforce restricted access to data stored in VictoriaMetrics it is possible to provide additional filtering configuration via access token. See this docs for the details on vm_access field format. See these docs in order to configure attribute mapping for Microsoft Entra ID:

   • https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/identity-platform/reference-claims-customization
   • https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/fundamentals/custom-security-attributes-overview
   • https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/identity-platform/custom-claims-provider-reference

Note that when changing the attribute configuration mapping in Microsoft Entra ID it is required to log out and log in again in to get a token with the new attributes. After that you can navigate to Grafana log-in page, authenticate by using a newly created Microsoft Entra ID option and use VictoriaMetrics-vmgateway datasource for querying.

Conclusion

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In this blog post, we have covered how to monitor Azure AKS and Azure Linux with VictoriaMetrics. We have shown how to deploy VictoriaMetrics in AKS with Azure Linux and how to set up OIDC for authentication with VictoriaMetrics using vmgateway. By following these steps, you can monitor your services running in AKS with Azure Linux in a secure and efficient way.