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import numpy as np

# 1D array visualization
arr_1d = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4])
# [1] [2] [3] [4]

# 2D array (matrix) visualization
arr_2d = np.array([[1, 2, 3],
                   [4, 5, 6]])
# [[1] [2] [3]]
# [[4] [5] [6]]

# 3D array visualization
arr_3d = np.array([[[1, 2], [3, 4]],
                   [[5, 6], [7, 8]]])
# Layer 0: [[1] [2]]  Layer 1: [[5] [6]]
#          [[3] [4]]           [[7] [8]]

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# Element-wise operations visualized
a = np.array([1, 2, 3])
b = np.array([4, 5, 6])

# Addition: [1] + [4] = [5]
#          [2] + [5] = [7]
#          [3] + [6] = [9]
result = a + b  # [5, 7, 9]

# Broadcasting visualization
scalar = 10
# [1] + 10 = [11]
# [2] + 10 = [12]
# [3] + 10 = [13]
result = a + scalar  # [11, 12, 13]

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# Dot product visualization
A = np.array([[1, 2],
              [3, 4]])
B = np.array([[5, 6],
              [7, 8]])

# Visual representation of A @ B:
# Row 1 of A × Column 1 of B = (1×5 + 2×7) = 19
# Row 1 of A × Column 2 of B = (1×6 + 2×8) = 22
# Row 2 of A × Column 1 of B = (3×5 + 4×7) = 43
# Row 2 of A × Column 2 of B = (3×6 + 4×8) = 50
result = A @ B  # [[19, 22], [43, 50]]

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# Original shape: (6,)
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])

# Reshape to (2, 3):
# [[1] [2] [3]]
# [[4] [5] [6]]
reshaped = arr.reshape(2, 3)

# Reshape to (3, 2):
# [[1] [2]]
# [[3] [4]]
# [[5] [6]]
reshaped = arr.reshape(3, 2)

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# Image processing example
image = np.random.rand(256, 256, 3)  # Height, Width, RGB channels

# Grayscale conversion (visual: RGB → single channel)
grayscale = np.mean(image, axis=2)   # Average across color channels

# Image resizing (visual: larger/smaller grid)
resized = image[::2, ::2, :]         # Every other pixel

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# Dataset visualization
X = np.random.rand(1000, 10)  # 1000 samples, 10 features
y = np.random.randint(0, 2, 1000)  # Binary labels

# Feature normalization (visual: data distribution shifting)
X_normalized = (X - X.mean(axis=0)) / X.std(axis=0)

# Train/test split (visual: data partitioning)
split_idx = int(0.8 * len(X))
X_train, X_test = X[:split_idx], X[split_idx:]

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# Pattern: Generator expressions for parsing
def parse_input(text):
    return [list(map(int, line.split())) for line in text.strip().split('\n')]

# Pattern: Using collections.Counter for frequency analysis
from collections import Counter
def find_mode(items):
    return Counter(items).most_common(1)[0]

# Pattern: Recursive solutions with memoization
from functools import lru_cache

@lru_cache(maxsize=None)
def count_arrangements(adapters, index=0):
    if index == len(adapters) - 1:
        return 1
    return sum(count_arrangements(adapters, i)
               for i in range(index + 1, len(adapters))
               if adapters[i] - adapters[index] <= 3)

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# Using sets for fast membership testing
visited = set()
if position not in visited:
    visited.add(position)

# Using deque for efficient queue operations
from collections import deque
queue = deque([start_position])
while queue:
    current = queue.popleft()

# Using complex numbers for 2D coordinates
position = 0 + 0j  # (0, 0)
directions = [1, -1, 1j, -1j]  # right, left, up, down
new_position = position + directions[0]  # Move right

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def solve_part1(input_text):
    data = parse_input(input_text)
    return process_data_part1(data)

def solve_part2(input_text):
    data = parse_input(input_text)
    return process_data_part2(data)

def parse_input(text):
    # Centralized parsing logic
    pass

# Separate parsing from solving
# Reusable functions for both parts

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def test_with_examples():
    example_input = """..."""
    assert solve_part1(example_input) == expected_result
    print("Part 1 example passed!")

# Always test with provided examples first
# Use assertions to catch regressions

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# 11.03 Daily Learning Notes

## 2021-01-08 - NumPy Visualization Study

- Reviewed Jay Alammar's visual NumPy guide
- Key insight: Broadcasting is like stretching arrays
- Next: Practice with real dataset

## Cross-references:

- See 13.02 for portfolio project using NumPy
- See 21.03 for data analysis of expenses

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# Python script to create Johnny Decimal folder structure
import os

areas = {
    10: "Personal Development",
    20: "Home & Life Management",
    30: "Work Projects"
}

categories = {
    11: "Learning & Education",
    12: "Health & Fitness",
    21: "Financial Management",
    22: "Home Maintenance"
}

def create_structure(base_path):
    for area_num, area_name in areas.items():
        area_path = f"{base_path}/{area_num}-{area_num+9} {area_name}"
        os.makedirs(area_path, exist_ok=True)

        for cat_num, cat_name in categories.items():
            if area_num <= cat_num < area_num + 10:
                cat_path = f"{area_path}/{cat_num} {cat_name}"
                os.makedirs(cat_path, exist_ok=True)