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ByteByteGo Newsletter

Why An LLM’s Memory Gets Expensive and How to Fix It LLM Security Basics: The Full Threat Model Hiring: Part Time Instructor, Write Production Grade Code with AI A Detailed Guide to Idempotency, Delivery Semantics, and Deduplication How ChatGPT Optimizes its Agent Loop: Harness, API, and Inference Why DoorDash, Instacart, and Uber Eats Integrated LLMs Into Search Three Different Ways How NVIDIA Builds Open Models for the Age of AI A Beginner’s Guide to Clocks, Causality, and Ordering in Distributed Systems Best Practices for Building AI Agents That Work in Production Inside Roblox’s Bet on World Models MCP vs A2A vs ACP: How AI Agents Actually Talk to Each Other A Guide to Multi-Tenancy: Benefits and Challenges AI Customer Support at Scale: The Travel Industry’s $Billion Bet How LLMs Learn to Be Helpful (RLHF vs DPO) How Microsoft Ships AI Agents at Enterprise Scale EP221: How Docker Works Under the Hood LAST CALL FOR ENROLLMENT: Become an AI Engineer - Cohort 7 Streaming vs Batch: Two Philosophies of Data Processing The Agent Loop: How AI Goes From Answering Questions to Doing Things ChatGPT vs Gemini vs Claude: How They Differ LAST CALL FOR ENROLLMENT: Become an AI Engineer - Cohort 7 Proof of Human: How to Verify a Person Is Real and Unique Multi-Region Architecture: Going Global Without Going Broke How OpenAI Delivers Low-Latency Voice AI for 900M Users Inside Thinking Machines’ Interaction Models How AI Agents Manage Memory and Avoid Forgetfulness EP220: RAG vs Graph RAG vs Agentic RAG Top Anti-Patterns to Avoid in Service Architecture Large Language Models vs Small Language Models An Ex-Meta L8’s Agentic Engineering Setup
EP213: MCP vs Skills, Clearly Explained
ByteByteGo · 2026-05-02 · via ByteByteGo Newsletter

Many teams over-provision containers, underuse spot instances, and have no visibility into which pods are burning budget. Get the eBook from Datadog, which covers five practical optimizations for Kubernetes and ECS environments with specific techniques your team can apply today.

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  • Pinpoint idle containers, over-provisioned pods, and unused clusters draining your cloud budget.

  • Right-size CPU and memory with resource requests, limits, and automated cost recommendations.

  • Cut costs up to 90% with spot instances and savings plans and know exactly when to use each

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This week’s system design refresher:

  • Why Everyone Should Know About AI Evals: The Fundamentals Explained (Youtube video)

  • MCP vs Skills, Clearly Explained

  • 5 Way to Defend Prompt Injection

  • How the X Algorithm Works

Both MCP and Skills extend what an agent can do. But they solve different problems, and picking the wrong one adds cost or complexity you don't need.

The diagram breaks down the five dimensions that matter.

Image
  1. Integration: MCP is a client-server protocol that connects N agents to M backends through one interface. Agent Skills are folders with a SKILL. md that the agent loads on trigger.

  2. Architecture: MCP runs as a separate process with its own runtime, speaking JSON-RPC. A Skill is just a directory: SKILL. md, optional scripts, references, and assets.

  3. Invocation: MCP tools are called with typed parameters validated against a schema, and can be chained. Skills are invoked by the agent reading SKILL. md and running whatever commands it describes like bash, python, or curl.

  4. Runtime: MCP servers often run in their own container or service. Skills run in the agent's own environment with no extra infra.

  5. Where it fits: Use MCP to connect agents to live systems and data. Use Skills to give agents reusable know-how and instructions.

Over to you: What's the most interesting Skill you've come across recently?

It’s 2026. Platform engineering is shifting. Your users aren’t just developers anymore. They’re AI agents. Plan for it.

Join IaCConf 2026 to hear from the people building this sh*ft. Hear from Corey Quinn on “AI Speaks Terraform Like a Tourist,” Matt Gowie on the move from IaC to agents, and Amin Astaneh on 10x code velocity and operational risk.

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Prompt injection tops the OWASP LLM Top 10 and there's no single fix.

Instead, you stack defenses, each one catching what the others miss.

Image

Defenses come in two families: model-level and system-level.

Model-level defenses teach the model to resist injection.

  • Spotlighting wraps untrusted text in control tags like <UNTRUSTED>...</UNTRUSTED> and tells the model to treat anything inside as data, not instructions.

  • Instruction Hierarchy fine-tunes the model to rank the developer's system prompt above the user's message, and both above third-party content.

System-level defenses build a system around the LLM that bounds the damage.

  • Least-Privilege Tools: Give the agent the minimum tools it needs.

  • Human-in-the-Loop: Require explicit user approval before any sensitive action runs.

  • Planner / Executor Split: Two separate LLMs. The planner has tool access but never sees untrusted content. The executor reads untrusted content but has no tools.

No single defense is enough. Production systems like Gmail stack them, and together they make indirect injection manageable.

Over to you: what's the one defense you've seen work in production that isn't on this list?

Here are the key steps:

  1. Everything starts with a Feed Request.

  2. The Home Mixer, the system’s orchestration layer, kicks things off by pulling your engagement history and preferences through Query Hydration.

  3. Next, it gathers candidate posts from two sources: Thunder (posts from accounts you follow) and Phoenix Retrieval (posts from accounts you don’t follow, discovered through ML)

  4. These candidates get enriched with metadata like author info and media details during Hydration, then pass through Filtering, which removes duplicates, old posts, blocked authors, and muted keywords.

  5. Then comes scoring. A Grok-based transformer predicts engagement, a Weighted Scorer combines those predictions, and an Author Diversity Scorer prevents any single account from dominating your feed.

  6. Top-scoring posts are selected, go through a final visibility filter, and become your Ranked Feed.

Over to you: What else will you add to the list of steps?

Disclaimer: This post is based on the publicly shared GitHub repo of the X algorithm by xAI

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