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ByteByteGo Newsletter

Why An LLM’s Memory Gets Expensive and How to Fix It LLM Security Basics: The Full Threat Model Hiring: Part Time Instructor, Write Production Grade Code with AI A Detailed Guide to Idempotency, Delivery Semantics, and Deduplication How ChatGPT Optimizes its Agent Loop: Harness, API, and Inference Why DoorDash, Instacart, and Uber Eats Integrated LLMs Into Search Three Different Ways How NVIDIA Builds Open Models for the Age of AI A Beginner’s Guide to Clocks, Causality, and Ordering in Distributed Systems Best Practices for Building AI Agents That Work in Production Inside Roblox’s Bet on World Models MCP vs A2A vs ACP: How AI Agents Actually Talk to Each Other A Guide to Multi-Tenancy: Benefits and Challenges AI Customer Support at Scale: The Travel Industry’s $Billion Bet How LLMs Learn to Be Helpful (RLHF vs DPO) How Microsoft Ships AI Agents at Enterprise Scale EP221: How Docker Works Under the Hood LAST CALL FOR ENROLLMENT: Become an AI Engineer - Cohort 7 Streaming vs Batch: Two Philosophies of Data Processing The Agent Loop: How AI Goes From Answering Questions to Doing Things ChatGPT vs Gemini vs Claude: How They Differ LAST CALL FOR ENROLLMENT: Become an AI Engineer - Cohort 7 Proof of Human: How to Verify a Person Is Real and Unique Multi-Region Architecture: Going Global Without Going Broke How OpenAI Delivers Low-Latency Voice AI for 900M Users Inside Thinking Machines’ Interaction Models How AI Agents Manage Memory and Avoid Forgetfulness EP220: RAG vs Graph RAG vs Agentic RAG Top Anti-Patterns to Avoid in Service Architecture Large Language Models vs Small Language Models An Ex-Meta L8’s Agentic Engineering Setup
EP218: The Typical AI Agent Stack, Explained
ByteByteGo · 2026-06-13 · via ByteByteGo Newsletter

Coding agents are here to stay, but vibe-coding auth is dangerous business. Connect your AI assistants to the Descope MCP server instead!

This remote MCP server connects agents to the Descope identity platform, giving them the ability to read docs, inspect project config, manage users and tenants, configure authentication flows, review audit logs, and make changes to your identity infrastructure. All through natural language and from a single session.

Descope is trusted by thousands of businesses including GoFundMe, GoodRx, Linktree, and Databricks.

Get started with 100+ prompt examples

This week’s system design refresher:

  • How to Run LLMs Locally (Youtube video)

  • The Typical AI Agent Stack, Explained

  • Understanding Git Reset Modes

  • How NAT Works

  • Final Week to Enroll: Build with Claude Code

  • We’re hiring at ByteByteGo

Most people think an AI agent is just a clever prompt and an LLM. The reality is much deeper. There's an entire architecture working behind the scenes to make it all run.

The diagram below shows the full AI Agent Stack. At the core is the Agent Runtime that runs a ReAct loop, and three other layers feed into it.

graphical user interface

AI Agent Runtime: The LLM thinks about what to do, picks a tool, observes the result, then reflects and decides the next step. This loop repeats until the goal is reached.

Model Layer (the brain): The underlying LLMs that power reasoning.

Tool Layer (the hands): How the agent interacts with the real world: search, APIs, code execution, data access.

Memory Layer (the notebook): Short-term working memory for the current task, long-term semantic memory for knowledge, and transactional memory for state.

Wrapping everything is the Observability & Safety Layer. This is what keeps agents debuggable, evaluable, cost-aware, and safe in production.

Over to you: Which layer of the stack do you think is the hardest to get right in production?

Speed without control is a false economy. As AI code-generation accelerates software delivery, the FeatureOps Summit 2026 is here to ensure that when we ship more, we break less. This premier virtual event brings together engineers, architects, and product leaders from companies like Wayfair, Visa, Mintlify, Lloyds, and many others, to explore the infrastructure of fearless delivery.

Key Themes:

AI Safety Nets: Guardrails for the flood of automated code.
Edge Resilience: Sub-millisecond evaluation at scale.
Continuous Flow: Moving past the “fixed-release” mindset. Register today to master the tools and patterns required for a fail-safe release environment.

Register Today

git reset has three modes. Each one moves HEAD, but they differ in what happens to your index and working directory.

  1. git reset --soft: Moves HEAD only. Index and working directory stay as-is. Use this when you want to recommit with different changes or a different message.

  2. git reset --mixed (default): Moves HEAD and clears the index, but leaves the working directory alone. Your changes become unstaged, still there, just no longer queued for commit.

  3. git reset --hard: Moves HEAD, clears the index, and resets the working directory to match the target commit. Any uncommitted changes are gone.

Over to you: Which reset mode do you use the most and has “--hard” ever cost you a day of work?

Every device in your home probably shares the same public IP, still each one browses, streams, and connects independently. This is handled by NAT (Network Address Translation), a protocol that runs quietly in the background of almost every home network.

It’s the reason IPv4 hasn’t run out completely, and why your router can hide dozens of devices behind a single public IP.

  • The Core Idea: Inside your local network, devices use private IP addresses that never leave your home or office. Your router, however, uses a single public IP address when talking to the outside world.

NAT rewrites each outbound request so it appears to come from that public IP address, assigning a unique port mapping for every internal connection.

Outbound NAT (Local to Internet): When a device sends a request,

  • NAT replaces the private IP address with the public one

  • Assigns a unique port so it can track the connection

  • Sends the packet out to the internet as if it originated from the router

Reverse NAT (Internet to Local): When the response returns,

  • NAT checks its translation table

  • Restores the original private IP address and port

  • Delivers the packet to the correct device on the local network

Over to you: Have you ever run into tricky NAT edge cases? Port forwarding? Double NAT? Video calls breaking? Online gaming problems?

We’re launching a new 2 day intensive, cohort based course called Build with Claude Code, taught by John Kim, who has trained hundreds of engineers at Meta to use Claude Code in real production workflows.

The course kicks off June 18th, and enrollment closes in less than a week. If you’ve been thinking about leveling up how you and your team work with Claude Code, this is the moment.

Check it out now

A few things you’ll learn:

  • The agentic loop, context engineering, and memory layers that make Claude Code useful for real projects

  • How to build with Claude Code Skills, MCPs, and hooks to give Claude the tools and feedback loops it needs to self correct

  • Parallel development with Git worktrees, subagents, and agent teams

  • A capstone project where you ship something real on your own stack

The course includes live sessions, assignments, and office hours, so there’s plenty of room to ask questions and get unstuck.

The first cohort starts in just a few days: May 28 to 29, 2026. If you want to learn everything from the fundamentals of Claude Code to advanced production workflows, including working with large codebases, this could be a great way to level up.

Check it out now

We’re looking for multiple part-time instructors to teach AI and engineering cohort-based live courses.

This is a great fit if you love teaching, enjoy sharing what you know, and want a meaningful side thing alongside your main work.

table

The role has some upfront time investment to get familiar with the curriculum and prepare, but after that, it’s designed to be a limited commitment (2-5 hours bi-weekly). It offers stable income, good upside, and a chance to share your knowledge while working with ambitious learners.

We’re especially looking for instructors in:

  • Building Production-Grade AI Systems

  • System Design

  • AI Security & LLM Red-Teaming

  • AI Evals Intensive

  • AI Cost Optimization

  • Agentic AI Coding

  • Build with Codex

  • AI for Engineering Leaders

  • AI Automation

  • Others, please suggest

Ideal instructors are hands-on, clear communicators, and excited to teach.

If this sounds like you, email us at jobs@bytebytego.com with your background, the topics you’d be excited to teach, and any teaching, writing, or speaking samples.

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