Over the past two years, I have been using vim-plug as my plugin manager for Nvim. Vim-plug is powerful, fast and amazing, especially considering that all its features are contained in a single vim script. It uses the old way to manage plugins, i.e., it will manage the loading of plugins directly.

Packages in Vim#

In Vim/Nvim, we also have another way to manage plugins, that is, by using packages. It is a new way of organizing plugins. We can split plugins into two types, opt plugins and start plugins. If we put plugins in opt directory under a package, the plugins will not be loaded during initialization. If we want to use plugin foo later, we use :packadd foo to load it. For plugins under start directory, they will be loaded¹ automatically after initialization.

For opt plugin foo, Vim will look for pack/xxx/opt/foo under paths in the option packpath. For start plugins, Vim will look for them under pack/xxx/start/ directory under paths in packpath.

Now enter packer.nvim!#

Actually, there are several plugin managers that use the package feature, for example, minpac and vim-packager, both of which are written in pure vim script.

With the release of the long overdue Nvim 0.5.0 and increasing importance of Lua in configuring and developing Nvim. I would like to try a plugin manager written in Lua, which also supports packages. After some survey, I decide to give packer.nvim a try, which is by far the most powerful and feature-rich².

I use the following script to install packer.nvim in my computer:

vim.g.package_home = fn.stdpath("data") .. "/site/pack/packer/"
local packer_install_dir = vim.g.package_home .. "/opt/packer.nvim"

local plug_url_format = ""
if vim.g.is_linux then
  plug_url_format = "https://hub.fastgit.xyz/%s"
else
  plug_url_format = "https://github.com/%s"
end

local packer_repo = string.format(plug_url_format, "wbthomason/packer.nvim")
local install_cmd = string.format("10split |term git clone --depth=1 %s %s", packer_repo, packer_install_dir)

-- Auto-install packer in case it hasn't been installed.
if fn.glob(packer_install_dir) == "" then
  vim.api.nvim_echo({ { "Installing packer.nvim", "Type" } }, true, {})
  vim.cmd(install_cmd)
end

-- Load packer.nvim
vim.cmd("packadd packer.nvim")

-- the plugin install follows from here
-- ....

I put it under ~/.config/nvim/lua/plugins.lua and in my init.vim, I can require it like this: lua require('plugins'). With the above script, packer will be automatically installed if it hasn’t.

Some issues I met during transition#

Issues for lazy-loaded plugins#

Packer’s lazy loading of plugins based on conditions is really cool, but is also error-prone for newbies. All lazy-loaded plugins are put under opt directory. They are only added to runtimepath by packer when the specified conditions are met. This is the root cause of many issues related to missing function or modules, etc.

For example, if we use nvim-compe and lazy-load it, but we require its config during Nvim initialization, we will see errors during nvim startup:

module ‘compe’ not found.

One way to fix this is to use config key after the plugin has been loaded. See for example here.

use { 'hrsh7th/nvim-compe', event = 'InsertEnter *', config = [[require('config.compe')]] }

The code for config is executed once when the plugin is loaded by packer.

Forget to run PackerCompile after changing plugin settings#

After changing plugin configuration, we must run :PackerCompile. It will generate a file named packer_compiled.vim or packer_compile.lua under the directory ~/.config/nvim/plugin by default.

When something went wrong, always check if you have run :PackerCompile and restarted nvim. 90% of the time, the issue will go.

To fix the issue once and for all, I created the following autocmd:

augroup packer_auto_compile
  autocmd!
  autocmd BufWritePost */nvim/lua/plugins.lua source <afile> | PackerCompile
augroup END

After plugin configuration is changed, command PackerCompile will run automatically.

No way to retry plugins that failed during installation#

Unlike vim-plug, when plugin installation fails, there is no re-try mechanism. We have to manually run :PackerInstall to re-install the failed plugins.

Plugin loading order#

When we want to load plugin A after B and they are both lazy-loaded, there is no need to use event for plugin A, using after condition is enough:

use {'foo/bar', event = 'VimEnter'}
use {'foo/baz', after = 'bar'}

Due to the firing of autocmd event, if we use event for both foo/bar and foo/baz, foo/baz may not be loaded after foo/bar. See also this issue.

Issues related to lazy-loaded remote plugins#

For nvim remote plugins, we need to run command :UpdateRemotePlugins to make them work properly. By running this command, a manifest file called rplugin.vim will be generated under ~/.local/share/nvim/, which records what kinds of commands a plugin provides (also see :h remote-plugin).

For example, for remote plugin semshi, my initial setup is:

use {'numirias/semshi', run = ':UpdateRemotePlugins', ft = 'python'}

It does not work well. When we run :PackerUpdate (it will run : UpdateRemotePlugins every time we update plugins), semshi may not be in runtimepath. So semshi-related command will be missing in rplugin.vim. Afterwards, when we open a Python file, we see errors that command Semshi enable is not available.

The correct way is to run :UpdateRemotePlugins after semshi is loaded:

use {'numirias/semshi', ft = 'python', config = 'vim.cmd [[UpdateRemotePlugins]]'}

This way, we insure that semshi will work properly.

Specify the plugin url format#

By default, when we use use 'aaa/bbb', packer will try to clone https://github.com/aaa/bbb.git. However, due to issue accessing github in certain areas, the user may want to use a mirror site of GitHub, for example, fastgit. Fortunately, this feature has been added recently, under the request of me 😃.

Now, you can do the following:

require('packer').startup(
{
  function(use)
    use 'aaa/bbb'
    use 'foo/bar'
  end,
  config = {
    max_jobs = 16,
    git = {
      default_url_format = 'https://hub.fastgit.xyz/%s'
    }
  }
})

All your plugins will be cloned from fastgit instead of GitHub.

Conclusion#

Although there are small issues when switching from vim-plug to packer, it is mainly because I am new to its lazy-loading feature. Overall, packer.nvim is a great choice if you want to manage plugins in lua. Considering that packer is a young plugin and the active development happening in its repo, I am sure that it will be maturer in short time.

BTW, my packer.nvim config can be found here.

References#

• https://github.com/wbthomason/dotfiles/blob/linux/neovim/.config/nvim/lua/plugins.lua
• Plugin not found issue: https://github.com/lervag/vimtex/issues/1785
• Plugin functions not available in init.vim: https://github.com/wbthomason/packer.nvim/issues/4