2021-11-24: Add more detailed instructions for installing doom-modeline.
I have been using Neovim for over three years and I have been constantly hearing the greatness of its rival editor Emacs. So today I am gonna to try it and see if it is truly great.
Edit: My final Emacs conf is here.
Check here: https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/download.html
For Windows, go to this mirror site, and download emacs-27.2-x86_64.zip and extract it.
For macOS, use homebrew to install Emacs-plus1:
brew tap d12frosted/emacs-plus
brew install emacs-plusbin/runemacs.exe.emacs from command line or search Emacs.app and run it.Note to run emacs in maximized window, add following config to emacs config file:
(add-to-list 'initial-frame-alist '(fullscreen . maximized))Ref:
Emacs uses~/.emacs.d/init.el as its startup file
(~/.config/emacs/init.el is also supported). Its configuration is
written via a dialect of Lisp
language called Emacs Lisp, or Elisp in short.
To check config file path, run C-H v user-init-file RET (RET is return key).
Reload config: note that it is not possible to entirely reload config, the best
way is to restart your emacs. Open init.el, and run m-x eval-buffer.
Ref:
I am not a purist guy which only uses the built-in features of and editor and refuses to add plugins or packages.
Package is to Emacs what plugin is to Vim.
To install packages, run M-x package-install, we are prompted to type the
package name we want to install. Type the package name, and the package shall
be installed.
Sometimes, due to bad network connection, emacs hangs forever when trying to connect to its package repo, and we see the following message:
Contacting host: elpa.gnu.org:443
In this case, we can change the package repo URL
(add it to init.el)
;; this is just an example
(setq package-archives '(("gnu" . "http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/elpa/gnu/")
("melpa" . "http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/elpa/melpa/")))One disadvantage of using built-in package management is that it can not install a package automatically if its hasn’t been installed. We need to write a few lines of code in config file.
Aside from the built-in way to install packages, we can also use 3rd party package managers, for example, straight.el.
To install straight.el, just put the following script to init.el:
(defvar bootstrap-version)
(let ((bootstrap-file
(expand-file-name "straight/repos/straight.el/bootstrap.el" user-emacs-directory))
(bootstrap-version 5))
(unless (file-exists-p bootstrap-file)
(with-current-buffer
(url-retrieve-synchronously
"https://raw.githubusercontent.com/raxod502/straight.el/develop/install.el"
'silent 'inhibit-cookies)
(goto-char (point-max))
(eval-print-last-sexp)))
(load bootstrap-file nil 'nomessage))To install a package, add the following statement to init.el:
(straight-use-package 'some-package)
;; for example, to install company-mode, use the following
(straight-use-package 'company)Straight.el will install a package if it has not been installed yet.
We can surly customize the look of Emacs via handcraft, e.g., change background color and foreground color:
(add-to-list 'default-frame-alist '(foreground-color . "#E0DFDB"))
(add-to-list 'default-frame-alist '(background-color . "#102372"))More advanced way to customize color is to use or install a color theme. Emacs comes with several built-in themes.
To find good themes, MELPA is a good place to start. A good theme package is doom-themes. It comes with a lot of themes.
To load a theme, type A-x load-theme, and then type a theme name, for example,
doom-one, or we can add to config:
(load-theme 'doom-gruvbox t nil)To show currently enabled themes, run c-h v and type custom-enabled-themes
to check.
C-S-Backspace.C-a and c-e.M-w and c-y.I find the editing experience in Emacs highly inferior to that of Vim. So We can use emacs-evil:
(straight-use-package 'evil)
;; enable evil mode
(evil-mode 1)There is in fact a built-in viper-mode for Emacs, but it is not complete as compared to evil.
Ref:
c-x 2c-x 3c-x kc-x 0c-x c-fc-x c-fc-x c-sc-x c-cc-x bM-:, then type (buffer-file-name) to show config path.Ref:
c-h ? gives an overview of the help system.
c-h v <variable-name>c-h fc-h cRef:
Add the following to your emacs conf:
(setq completion-cycle-threshold 1)Ref:
Toolbar, menu bar and scrollbar are ugly and take precious space. Let’s disable them all together:
(menu-bar-mode -1)
(toggle-scroll-bar -1)
(tool-bar-mode -1)Ref:
Like what vim does:
(global-display-line-numbers-mode)
(setq display-line-numbers-type 'relative)Ref:
What we call statusline in Vim, they call it modeline in Emacs. IMO, they are very similar concepts. We can use doom-modeline to help use customize the modeline.
First, we need to install some special icon that doom-modeline uses. We need to install package all-the-icons to install the fonts needed:
(straight-use-package 'all-the-icons)Run M-x all-the-icons-install-fonts to install the icon fonts.
Then install doom-modeline:
(straight-use-package 'doom-modeline)Ref:
For Emacs 27, add the following setting to init.el:
Add following config:
(setq-default show-trailing-whitespace t)Ref:
https://stackoverflow.com/a/34589105/6064933
We can use package company to enable
auto-completion for functions and options etc. Add the following
setting to init.el:
;; enable company mode in all buffers
(add-hook 'after-init-hook 'global-company-mode)
;; use tab and s-tab to cycle forward and backward completion items
(add-hook 'after-init-hook 'company-tng-mode)The company-tng-mode is used to make Tab and SHIFT-Tab to move
forward and backward in the auto-completion menu, for more details see
issue here
and PR here.
If you have used Vim, you may be familiar with fzf.vim or LeaderF or telescope.nvim, depending which Vim distribution you are using. In Emacs, we can use ivy.
Here is a minimal config:
(straight-use-package 'ivy)
(straight-use-package 'counsel)
;; enable ivy mode by default
(ivy-mode 1)Then ivy will be automatically enabled when you open file/buffer or
run commands. Note that the default fuzzy search behavior of ivy is
different from that of LeaderF or fzf. For example, to search
package-install in ivy, you can type pac ins, but not pacins,
the space between is important.
To highlight matching parentheses, add the following config:
;; show matching parentheses
(show-paren-mode t)
;; the style for matching parentheses
(set-face-background 'show-paren-match "#ff0000")
(set-face-attribute 'show-paren-match nil
:weight 'bold :underline t :overline nil :slant 'normal)To insert matching parentheses automatically, install package smartparens:
(straight-use-package 'smartparens)
;; enable smartparens mode
(smartparens-global-mode t)To change, delete, add matching pairs easily, there is also evil-surround, mimicking the behavior of vim-surround by Tpope.
Ref:
init.el#After installing packages, init.el is automatically updated and
include custom-set-faces. We can use the following setting to
disable this behavior:
(setq custom-file (locate-user-emacs-file "custom.el"))
(load custom-file)Ref:
By default, Emacs saves a backup file in the same directory as the current file, which pollutes the current working directory. We can move the backup directory to a centralized directory:
;; change backup settings
(setq backup-directory-alist '(("." . "~/.cache/emacs-backups")))After learning and trying Emacs for one day, I would say that Emacs is truly a great GUI editor which has some really cool features. For example, in Emacs, you can set different font style (size, bold, italic, font family etc.) to different texts in the same buffer, which org-mode used for beautiful type-setting inside Emacs2. You can also get the vscode-like experience via customize groups.
However, when it comes to editting text and navigation, I think Vim/Nvim is still the king, the proof of which is apparent since we have got evil-mode in Emacs.
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