Like a lot of people, Ann Garner thought that shingles was a “mild” illness—until 2024, when she became sick with it herself. If she had known at the time that Norwegians call shingles helvetesild, literally meaning “hell’s fire,” or that the Arabic name for it translates to “belt of fire,” she might have been better prepared.

Shingles (herpes zoster) is a common viral infection that causes a painful skin rash and can trigger post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN), a form of long-term nerve pain that can last for years. The English name derives from the Latin for “girdle,” as the shingles rash most commonly occurs around the torso, although it can affect the face and eyes as well, as Garner discovered.

One in three people will get shingles in their lifetime, but the risk rises sharply after 50 or for anyone with a weakened immune system. The disease is triggered by the reactivation of the varicella zoster virus, the same one that causes chickenpox when it first enters the body. The virus can lie dormant in a person’s nervous system for years until it reactivates—often, but not always, when immunity starts to wane due to factors such as aging, immunosuppressant drugs, or acute stress.

Garner, a 73-year-old retired pharmacy administrator from Wales, in the UK, feels sure stress was a factor in her developing shingles. She had been under intense financial pressure over a large tax bill when, one July afternoon, she felt a strange tingling sensation along one side of her hairline above her forehead.

Within hours, the feeling had intensified—causing her severe pain—and began progressing down her face toward one eye. “It was like hundreds of invisible, tiny hot needles pricking my scalp and face,” she recalls.

Doctors recommended that Garner take acyclovir, an antiviral drug that can help reduce symptoms if taken within a 72-hour window of them appearing, and an acyclovir eye cream to protect her eye, as shingles can cause vision damage and lead to blindness if it affects the eye.

But even with treatment, Garner's face and eyelid were soon covered in a hot red rash with angry blisters. “I couldn’t do anything to stop this sensation of being tortured by burning needles,” she says. “It was like my nerves were electrical wires that had been cut and they were fizzing and sparking.”

Despite shingles being common, it seems public perception has only recently started catching up with the severity of the condition. A 2025 study by researchers at the University of Bristol, UK, points to inadequate public health messaging and a lack of communication regarding patient experiences of the disease: “Limited literature about the experience and understanding of shingles suggests that people tend to think of it as minor until they experience it themselves,” researchers concluded.

Many people also fail to realize shingles can have a significant and long-lasting impact on their lives, says Martin Sollie, a consultant plastic surgeon at Oslo University Hospital in Norway. Sollie conducts research into the surgical management of chronic pain, including exploring whether grafting fat onto the skin could help reduce PHN. In 2022, he led a systematic review examining how shingles affects patients’ quality of life.

His meta-analysis of five studies, involving 2,519 patients in the US, Europe, and China, found those with an acute case of shingles had quality-of-life scores 15 percent below the norm for physical health and 13 percent below for mental health. “We were quite surprised that it did affect quality of life so much,” he says. “We know that if you have chronic pain, your quality of life is affected, but it’s very uncommon for a disease that is temporary—and not deadly—to have such an effect.”