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Where do AI answers come from?
Generative AI writes answers word by word based on what tends to follow what. It is a vastly sophisticated autocomplete — not a search engine.
What this enables
Where it characteristically fails
Claude features that push the edge out
Citations & source grounding Constrained generation Generator–verifier loops
What does AI actually know?
What the model knows comes entirely from its training data, frozen at a knowledge cutoff — what it read, and when it stopped reading.
What this enables
Where it characteristically fails
Claude features that push the edge out
Web search Retrieval (RAG / connectors) Tool use for real-time data
What is the AI paying attention to right now?
Everything the model is attending to lives inside a fixed-size context window. Context is leverage — until you hit the cliff.
What this enables
Where it characteristically fails
Claude features that push the edge out
Memory Projects Context compaction File & artifact attachments
How much am I in control?
The model follows instructions by continuing a pattern, not by understanding intent. Remarkably steerable — but a gap always exists between what you meant and what landed.
What this enables
Where it characteristically fails
Claude features that push the edge out
System prompts / custom instructions Extended (visible) thinking Code execution
Anthropic Academy · Free course
AI Capabilities and Limitations Course
Work through each property with hands-on exercises, videos, and real examples in the full course. You'll learn to spot which property is in play when AI surprises you — and what to do about it.
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