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cs.LG updates on arXiv.org

Memory-Guided Trust-Region Bayesian Optimization (MG-TuRBO) for High Dimensions EngageTriBoost: Predictive Modeling of User Engagement in Digital Mental Health Intervention Using Explainable Machine Learning Reservoir observer enhanced with residual calibration and attention mechanism Efficient RL Training for LLMs with Experience Replay Wireless Communication Enhanced Value Decomposition for Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning Adversarial Sensor Errors for Safe and Robust Wind Turbine Fleet Control IKKA: Inversion Classification via Critical Anomalies for Robust Visual Servoing Adaptive Simulation Experiment for LLM Policy Optimization EvoLen: Evolution-Guided Tokenization for DNA Language Model Smartwatch-Based Sitting Time Estimation in Real-World Office Settings Structural Evaluation Metrics for SVG Generation via Leave-One-Out Analysis Loom: A Scalable Analytical Neural Computer Architecture Spectral Geometry of LoRA Adapters Encodes Training Objective and Predicts Harmful Compliance Finite-Sample Analysis of Nonlinear Independent Component Analysis:Sample Complexity and Identifiability Bounds How does Chain of Thought decompose complex tasks? Uncertainty-Aware Transformers: Conformal Prediction for Language Models Adaptive Candidate Point Thompson Sampling for High-Dimensional Bayesian Optimization Using Synthetic Data for Machine Learning-based Childhood Vaccination Prediction in Narok, Kenya Delve into the Applicability of Advanced Optimizers for Multi-Task Learning Bridging SFT and RL: Dynamic Policy Optimization for Robust Reasoning Multi-Agent Decision-Focused Learning via Value-Aware Sequential Communication Predictive Entropy Links Calibration and Paraphrase Sensitivity in Medical Vision-Language Models Efficient Hierarchical Implicit Flow Q-learning for Offline Goal-conditioned Reinforcement Learning Modality-Aware Zero-Shot Pruning and Sparse Attention for Efficient Multimodal Edge Inference The nextAI Solution to the NeurIPS 2023 LLM Efficiency Challenge Feature-Label Modal Alignment for Robust Partial Multi-Label Learning Integrated electro-optic attention nonlinearities for transformers Toward World Models for Epidemiology Tracing the Chain: Deep Learning for Stepping-Stone Intrusion Detection Batch Distillation Data for Developing Machine Learning Anomaly Detection Methods
Single-Position Intervention Fails: Distributed Output Te...
Bryan Cheng, Jasper Zhang · 2026-04-10 · via cs.LG updates on arXiv.org

Understanding how large language models encode task identity from few-shot demonstrations is a central open problem in mechanistic interpretability. Prior work uses linear probing to localize task representations, reporting high classification accuracy at specific layers. We reveal a striking dissociation: probing accuracy completely fails to predict causal importance. Single-position activation intervention achieves 0% task transfer across all 28 layers of Llama-3.2-3B-despite 100% probing accuracy at those same positions. This null result is itself a key finding, demonstrating that task encoding is fundamentally distributed. Multi-position intervention-replacing activations at all demonstration output tokens simultaneously-achieves up to 96% transfer (N=50, 95% CI: [87%, 99%]) at layer 8, pinpointing for the first time the causal locus of ICL task identity. We establish the generality of these findings across four models spanning three architecture families (LLaMA, Qwen, Gemma), discovering a universal intervention window at ~30% network depth. Causal tracing uncovers an asymmetric architecture: the query position is strictly necessary (53-100% disruption) while no individual demonstration position is necessary (0% disruption)-resolving a key ambiguity in prior accounts. Crucially, transfer depends on internal representation compatibility, not surface similarity (r=-0.05 vs r=0.31), ruling out trivial explanations. These results establish the distributed template hypothesis: ICL task identity is encoded as output format templates distributed across demonstration tokens, fundamentally reshaping our understanding of how in-context learning operates.