Researchers at Anglia Ruskin University (ARU) reviewed data from more than 90,000 participants involved in large international clinical trials. Their analysis found that people taking glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists had a significantly lower risk of serious cardiovascular problems compared with those who received a placebo.

The findings were published in Cardiovascular Diabetology -- Endocrinology Reports.

Long-Term Heart Protection Confirmed

The researchers examined results from 11 major cardiovascular outcome trials that followed patients for at least one year. On average, participants were monitored for nearly three years.

Across the studies, GLP-1 receptor agonists reduced the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events by about 13%. These events included heart attack, stroke, and death related to cardiovascular disease.

The analysis is particularly important because it focused on the drugs' long-term effects rather than short-term outcomes. Researchers also found the cardiovascular benefits were present regardless of whether patients had diabetes.

People taking the medications were also less likely to die from any cause during the studies. In addition, rates of non-fatal heart attacks, non-fatal strokes, and hospitalizations for heart failure were all lower among patients using the drugs.

Benefits Seen in High-Risk Patients

The strongest benefits were observed in individuals already considered at high cardiovascular risk, including people with obesity, type 2 diabetes, or existing heart disease.

GLP-1 receptor agonists include widely used medications such as semaglutide, liraglutide, and dulaglutide. These drugs have gained enormous attention in recent years because of their effectiveness in treating obesity.

The review found no meaningful increase in serious safety risks compared with placebo, including severe hypoglycemia or acute pancreatitis. However, gastrointestinal side effects such as nausea and vomiting remained more common, which researchers noted is already well understood with these medications.

Researchers Say the Findings Could Shape Future Healthcare

Lead author Dr. Simon Cork, Physiology lead at Anglia Ruskin University's School of Medicine, said: "This is the most comprehensive review to date of long-term cardiovascular outcome trials for GLP-1 receptor agonists. We know that one of the factors that weighs on people's minds when considering going onto these drugs is the potential long-term side effects.

"Our results show that, when taken over a prolonged period of at least one year, these medications do much more than help control blood sugar or weight. They significantly reduce the risk of heart attacks, strokes and premature death in people who are already vulnerable.

"We found the benefits to be consistent across different drugs, trial designs and patient groups. This has important implications for clinical practice and health policy, particularly given cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the UK.

"These drugs have the potential to become a key part of healthcare strategies, especially for people with type 2 diabetes or established heart disease. Using them earlier and more widely across populations could help prevent thousands of serious cardiovascular events."