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Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily

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科學家表示,家貓可能有助於為人類開闢新的癌症治療方法
2026-05-24 · via Latest Science News -- ScienceDaily

科學家表示,在完成有史以來最大規模之一的家貓腫瘤研究中後,貓科動物癌症遺傳已不再是神秘。

該研究發表在Science 是首次大規模研究貓咪癌症遺傳分型的嘗試。研究人員相信這些發現能夠增進對動物和人类癌症的理解,同時也為未來貓咪癌症研究建立一個寶貴的開放資源。

癌症是貓咪疾病和死亡的主要原因之一,但科學家們歷史上對於導致這些疾病的遺傳變化知之甚少。

"儘管家貓是常見的寵物,但對這些動物癌症的遺傳學知識非常有限,"大學教授、該研究的共同首席作者喬治·伍德博士說,"直到現在。"

貓腫瘤顯示出與人類癌症強烈的遺傳相似性

研究人員分析了來自五個國家、約500隻家貓的腫瘤樣本。該團隊調查了與癌症發展相關的基因突變,並發現了許多與人類和犬類癌症中見到的相同癌症驅動基因。

最重要的發現之一是與貓類侵略性乳腺癌症相關的突變。

貓乳腺腫瘤中最常改變的基因是FBXW7,超過一半的研究腫瘤中出現了這個基因的突變.

在人類乳癌中,FBXW7的突變與較差的預後結果相關,這與研究人員在貓身上觀察到的現象非常一致。

科學家們也發現貓科動物與人類的癌症在影響血液、骨骼、肺部、皮膚、消化系統和中樞神經系統方面有相似之處

由於貓常常與主人生活在相同環境中,研究人員認為某些癌症風險可能源於共同的環境暴露。

"這項研究能幫助我們更了解為何貓和人都會得癌症、身邊的世界如何影響癌症風險,並可能找到新的預防和治療方法,"伍德說.

化療發現為未來治療帶來希望

研究人員特別高興發現,對於攜帶突變FBXW7基因的貓乳腺腫瘤,某些化療藥物似乎效果更好。

雖然觀察結果僅在組織樣本中出現,科學家表示這項發現可能為動物和人的乳癌治療帶來新的可能性。

「獲得如此龐大的捐贈組織集,使我們能夠評估不同腫瘤類型的藥物反應,」伯恩大學共同首席作者 Sven Rottenberg 博士說,「這在這種規模上以前是不可能的。」

Wellcome Sanger Institute 共首作者Bailey Francis表示,這項研究也可能為狗提供好處.

"當知識和数据在不同學科之間流動時,我們都能受益。"

"一醫學"方法連接人類和動物健康

這個國際專案匯聚了來自Wellcome Sanger Institute、Guelph大學的安大略動物學院、伯恩大學以及數家其他機構的研究人員.

科學家們對動物醫生先前為診斷目的收集的組織樣本進行了DNA序列分析。

研究結果建議,現已用於人類的治療方法最終可在貓身上進行測試。同時,透過涉及家貓的癌症試驗所獲得的信息,有助於指導未來人類臨床研究。

這種合作策略被稱為「一醫學」方法,鼓勵動物醫療和醫學研究人員之間交換知識,以改善跨物種的健康成果。

Wellcome Sanger Institute的资深作者Louise Van Der Weyden博士表示,這項研究為未來貓咪癌症照護的進步開啟了門檻.

「我們現在可以開始向前邁進,走向精準貓咪腫瘤學,趕上癌症狗的診斷和治療選項,最終有一天,人類。」

該研究獲得 EveryCat Health Foundation、CVS Group、Wellcome、加拿大自然科學與工程研究委員會以及瑞士國家科學基金會的資助支持。