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Abstract:This paper develops a learning-based boundary control framework for stabilizing a parabolic equation defined on time-varying spatial domain. Although the partial differential equation (PDE) backstepping method provides a systematic theoretical framework for such moving-boundary systems, its real-time implementation is hindered by the need to repeatedly solve time-varying kernel PDEs on evolving domains. To overcome this limitation, we first formulate the time-varying backstepping design as an operator that maps the moving-boundary trajectory to the corresponding backstepping kernel. By mapping the time-varying domain of the backstepping kernel equation onto a fixed reference domain, we establish the continuous dependence of the kernel on the moving-boundary trajectory, which provides the theoretical basis for approximating the backstepping design operator by a neural operator. Based on the approximate kernel operator, we construct the corresponding boundary feedback controller to stabilize the system. It is shown that the closed-loop system admits an exponential decay estimate on any prescribed finite time interval. For numerical implementation, DeepONet is employed to learn the time-varying kernel operator from offline-generated numerical kernel solutions and is subsequently deployed online to generate the required time-varying kernels without repeatedly solving the kernel PDE. Numerical benchmarks demonstrate that the proposed neural-operator-based implementation bypasses repeated online solution of the time-varying kernel PDE, achieves a significant acceleration of close to three orders of magnitude compared with conventional numerical kernel solvers, and thus enables real-time stabilization of the system on time-varying spatial domain.

Submission history

From: Zhong-Jie Han [view email]
[v1] Tue, 16 Jun 2026 10:33:35 UTC (3,479 KB)