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Abstract:The limited augmented Zarankiewicz number $z_L(m,n)$ satisfies $\operatorname{BSR}(m,n)\ge z_L(m,n)\ge z(m,n)$, where $\operatorname{BSR}(m,n)$ is the maximum SOS rank of $m\times n$ biquadratic forms and $z(m,n)$ is the classical Zarankiewicz number. Our main result is a general lower bound for $z_L(m,n)$ based on the incidence graph of the complete graph $K_{4t}$. For every integer $t\ge 1$, let $m = \binom{4t}{2}$ and $n = 4t$. Then $$ \operatorname{BSR}(m,n) \;\ge\; z_L(m,n) \;\ge\; 2\binom{4t}{2} + 4t^2 - 2t. $$ Since $z = 2\binom{4t}{2} = \Theta(t^2)$, the gap satisfies $z_L - z \ge 4t^2 - 2t = \Theta(t^2) = \Theta(m)$, i.e., it grows linearly in $m$. Moreover, $$ \frac{z_L - z}{z} \;\ge\; \frac{4t^2}{16t^2 - 4t} \;\longrightarrow\; \frac{1}{4} \quad \text{as } t\to\infty, $$ so the gap is asymptotically at least $25\%$ of $z$ -- a non-negligible constant fraction. For $t=1$ we obtain $z_L(6,4)\ge 14$, and we prove that this bound is tight, i.e., $z_L(6,4)=14$. For $t=2$ and $t=3$ we obtain $z_L(28,8)\ge 68$ and $z_L(66,12)\ge 162$, respectively, improving previously known bounds. We also determine the exact values of $z_L(m,n)$ for $5\times3$ and $5\times4$: $z_L(5,3)=9$ and $z_L(5,4)=12$. These results serve as base cases for a \emph{lifting method} that constructs admissible limited augmented graphs on $(m+1)\times(n+1)$ from optimal ones on $m\times n$. Applying this method, we obtain new lower bounds: $z_L(6,3)\ge 10$ and $z_L(6,5)\ge 17$. For $5\times 5$ we establish a new lower bound $z_L(5,5)\ge 15$, improving the previously known bound. By a direct construction, we have $z_L(6,6)\ge 20$.

Submission history

From: Liqun Qi [view email]
[v1] Sun, 5 Apr 2026 13:17:55 UTC (15 KB)
[v2] Mon, 13 Apr 2026 09:16:49 UTC (20 KB)
[v3] Wed, 15 Apr 2026 11:31:03 UTC (17 KB)
[v4] Mon, 4 May 2026 12:26:30 UTC (18 KB)
[v5] Fri, 12 Jun 2026 03:06:27 UTC (23 KB)