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Busse balloon deformation and splitting by non-local interaction: the influence of grazing on a Klausmeier vegetation model
[Submitted on 19 Jun 2026] · 2026-06-23 · via math updates on arXiv.org

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Abstract:Large areas on all continents except Antarctica are covered by dryland vegetation patterns, with wavelengths typically in the range of tens of meters. In models, many wavelengths are simultaneously stable, and we argue that this multi-stability also holds for real world patterns. We then study the shape of the Busse balloon representation of multi-stability for a previously introduced Klausmeier model with non-local grazing. For this we first extend application of singular perturbation to Klausmeier/Gray-Scott models to include non-local interaction, providing analytical control near the homoclinic limit, and then use numerical continuation to demonstrate deformation of Busse balloons away from the typical banana shape, in four non-local grazing regimes. Since the Busse balloon has been invoked to support "evasion of tipping", we underscore the importance of the shape of the Busse balloon when inferring ecosystem response to, e.g., climate change.

Submission history

From: Eric Siero [view email]
[v1] Fri, 19 Jun 2026 21:29:26 UTC (1,096 KB)

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