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Abstract:Starting from the exact Projected Central Limit Theorem on hyperspheres, we rederive the Beta distribution for subsystem occupation probabilities and Lubkin's purity formula from elementary hyperspherical moments, quantifying the finite-size ``platykurtic'' suppression of tails relative to the Gaussian approximation used in standard eigenstate-thermalization and typicality treatments. Our main new result concerns the bipartite quantum mutual information $\langle I(A{:}B)\rangle$ for Haar-random pure states. We show that its full asymptotic expansion in $1/N$ admits a Bernoulli-factorized form in which every order $k \ge 1$ carries the symmetric factor $(d_A^{2k}-1)(d_B^{2k}-1)$ and all higher odd-order corrections vanish identically. Through an exact algebraic reorganization of Page's formula (conjectured in Ref.~\cite{Page1993} and subsequently proven~\cite{Foong1994, SanchezRuiz1995, Sen1996}), we establish that the leading finite-size correction separates into a dominant $\mathfrak{su}(d_A) \otimes \mathfrak{su}(d_B)$ bipartite quantum coherence contribution $(d_A^2 - 1)(d_B^2 - 1)/(2N)$ and a subtracted classical-probability (Cartan $\otimes$ Cartan) contribution $(d_A - 1)(d_B - 1)/(2N)$, and we trace this separation to the difference between diagonal and eigenvalue entropies via Schur's majorisation theorem, with the dimensional counts $(d-1)$ and $(d^2-1)$ acquiring meaning through the Cartan structure of the generalised Bloch decomposition. These results admit a single non-perturbative closed form: the exact typical mutual information factors as $\langle I(A{:}B)\rangle = (d_A^2-1)(d_B^2-1)\,\mathcal{G}(d_A,d_B,d_E)$, with $\mathcal{G}$ given by an explicit Bose--Einstein integral whose asymptotic expansion in $1/N$ reproduces the Bernoulli series.

Submission history

From: Zhi-Wei Wang [view email]
[v1] Thu, 28 May 2026 10:27:31 UTC (51 KB)
[v2] Thu, 4 Jun 2026 13:53:10 UTC (51 KB)