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Critical fluctuations of last passage percolation with th...
[Submitted on 18 Aug 2025 (v1), last revised 24 Jul 2026 (this v · 2025-08-18 · via math updates on arXiv.org

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Abstract:We consider the exponential last passage percolation (LPP) with thick two-sided boundary that consists of a few inhomogeneous columns and rows. Ben Arous and Corwin previously studied the limit fluctuations in this model except in a critical regime, for which they predicted that the limit distribution exists and depends only on the most dominant columns and rows. In this article, we prove their conjecture and identify the limit distribution explicitly in terms of a Fredholm determinant of a $2 \times 2$ matrix kernel. This result leads in particular to an explicit variational formula for the one-point marginal of the KPZ fixed point for a new class of initial conditions. Our limit distribution is also a novel generalization of and provides a new numerically efficient representation for the Baik--Rains distribution.

Submission history

From: Min Liu [view email]
[v1] Mon, 18 Aug 2025 09:00:14 UTC (179 KB)
[v2] Tue, 19 Aug 2025 07:14:58 UTC (179 KB)
[v3] Tue, 16 Sep 2025 15:14:27 UTC (179 KB)
[v4] Fri, 24 Jul 2026 14:57:05 UTC (184 KB)