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math updates on arXiv.org

Coupling-Robust Accuracy in Multiphysics Physics Informed Neural Networks via Kronecker-Preconditioned Optimization Non-normal spectral signatures of instability in neural network training dynamics Optimization of randomized neural networks for transfer operator approximation Selective Ambulance Dispatch Under Contextual Travel-Time Uncertainty LLAMA LIMA: A Living Meta-Analysis on the Effects of Generative AI on Learning Mathematics Learning Decision-Sufficient Representations for Linear Optimization Parameterized Complexity of Stationarity Testing for Piecewise-Affine Functions and Shallow CNN Losses Prabhakar function and unified fractional kinetic equation in bicomplex space Computing Gamma(p/q) with Beta function values Flows on Graded Manifolds Optimal embedding dimension in the Nash--Tognoli theorem An optimal first-order method for smooth and strongly convex composite optimization and its stationary limit Sharp Bohr-Type inequalities for certain classes of close-to-convex functions Invariants of real affine varieties based on their complexifications Topological symmetric and braid homologies A Formal Graph-Theoretic Framework for Pitch Class Set Analysis Finite groups with high commuting probability for Sylow subgroups Performance Bounds for Rollout Policies in Stochastic Shortest Path Problems Real 2-blocks in quasi-simple groups Neural Flow Operators can Approximate any Operator: Abstract Frameworks and Universal Approximations LLMs as Noisy Channels: A Shannon Perspective on Model Capacity and Scaling Laws On the Stability of Spherical Hellinger-Kantorovich Flows and Their Implications for Differential Privacy Training-Free Looped Transformers Move on Muon : A Hamiltonian probability gradient flow perspective of Muon optimizer Entrywise Error Bounds for Spectral Ranking with Semi-Random Adversaries Asymmetric Scaling Laws from Sparse Features Is Dimensionality a Barrier for Retrieval Models? 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Efficient $\varepsilon$-approximate minimum-entropy couplings
Spencer Compton · 2025-09-24 · via math updates on arXiv.org

Given $m \ge 2$ discrete probability distributions over $n$ states each, the minimum-entropy coupling is the minimum-entropy joint distribution whose marginals are the same as the input distributions. Computing the minimum-entropy coupling is NP-hard, but there has been significant progress in designing approximation algorithms; prior to this work, the best known polynomial-time algorithms attain guarantees of the form $H(\operatorname{ALG}) \le H(\operatorname{OPT}) + c$, where $c \approx 0.53$ for $m=2$, and $c \approx 1.22$ for general $m$ [CKQGK '23]. A main open question is whether this task is APX-hard, or whether there exists a polynomial-time approximation scheme (PTAS). In this work, we design an algorithm that produces a coupling with entropy $H(\operatorname{ALG}) \le H(\operatorname{OPT}) + \varepsilon$ in running time $n^{O(\operatorname{poly}(1/\varepsilon) \cdot \operatorname{exp}(m) )}$: showing a PTAS exists for constant $m$.