Abstract:In this note, we study the distribution of the rational canonical form of a random matrix over the finite field $\mathbb{F}_p$, whose entries are independent and $\epsilon$-balanced with $\epsilon\in(0,1-1/p]$. We show that, as the matrix size tends to infinity, the statistics converge to independent Cohen-Lenstra distributions, demonstrating the universality of this asymptotic behavior. In particular, we recover, as a special case, the uniform setting proved by Fulman in his thesis in 1997.
Our proof uses the fact that the rational canonical form data of $A_n$ and the $\mathbb{F}_p[t]$-module structure of the function field cokernel $\Cok(tI_n-A_n)$ determine each other uniquely. Consequently, our question can be reformulated, equivalently, as the asymptotic distribution problem for this cokernel, which has been established by Cheong-Yu (arXiv:2303.09125).
From: Jiahe Shen [view email]
[v1]
Fri, 17 Oct 2025 21:25:18 UTC (16 KB)
[v2]
Wed, 4 Feb 2026 02:53:33 UTC (14 KB)
[v3]
Wed, 2 Sep 2026 02:20:42 UTC (14 KB)
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