Abstract:For a full-rank integral lattice $\mathcal{L}\subset\mathbb{R}^n$, Regev and Stephens-Davidowitz proved that \[N_{=k}(\mathcal{L}):=|\{y\in\mathcal{L}:\lVert y\rVert^2=k\}|\le 2\binom{n+2k-2}{2k-1}.\] We classify the equality cases. For $n\ge2$, equality holds if and only if either $k=1$ and $\mathcal{L}\cong\mathbb{Z}^n$, or $n=8$, $k=2$, and $\mathcal{L}\cong E_8$. For $n=1$, equality holds exactly when $\mathcal{L}$ represents $k$.
The proof shows that equality is rigid. Saturation of the shell bound forces the normalized norm-$k$ shell to be an antipodal tight spherical $(4k-1)$-design. The associated Delsarte--Goethals--Seidel annihilator polynomial gives an arithmetic root condition, which isolates $E_8$ at $k=2$, rules out $k=3$, and combines with the Bannai--Damerell/Bannai theorem and an elementary circle argument to exclude all remaining cases in dimension at least $2$.
| Comments: | 16 pages |
| Subjects: | Number Theory (math.NT); Discrete Mathematics (cs.DM); Combinatorics (math.CO); Metric Geometry (math.MG) |
| MSC classes: | 11H06, 05B30, 52C17, 05E30 |
| Cite as: | arXiv:2605.25126 [math.NT] |
| (or arXiv:2605.25126v1 [math.NT] for this version) | |
| https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2605.25126 arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration) |
From: Scott Kominers [view email]
[v1]
Sun, 24 May 2026 15:12:24 UTC (13 KB)
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