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Improved Baselines with Representation Autoencoders Calibeating for general proper losses: A Bregman divergence approach Dimension-Free Convergence of Discrete Diffusion Models: Adjoint Equations Induce the Right Space XAI and Statistical Analysis for Reliable Intrusion Detection in the UAVIDS-2025 Dataset: From Tree to Hybrid and Tabular DNN Ensembles Reasoning Models Don't Just Think Longer, They Move Differently TabPFN-3: Technical Report Reframing preprocessing selection as model-internal calibration in near-infrared spectroscopy: A large-scale benchmark of operator-adaptive PLS and Ridge models Towards a holistic understanding of Selection Bias for Causal Effect Identification Adaptive Kernel Density Estimation with Pre-training Coreset-Induced Conditional Velocity Flow Matching RISED: A Pre-Deployment Evaluation Framework for High-Stakes AI Decision-Support Systems, with Application to Healthcare ISOMORPH: A Supply Chain Digital Twin for Simulation, Dataset Generation, and Forecasting Benchmarks Yield Curves Dynamics Using Variational Autoencoders Under No-arbitrage Model-based Bootstrap of Controlled Markov Chains Online Learning-to-Defer with Varying Experts Self-Supervised Laplace Approximation for Bayesian Uncertainty Quantification Keeping Score: Efficiency Improvements in Neural Likelihood Surrogate Training via Score-Augmented Loss Functions One-Step Generative Modeling via Wasserstein Gradient Flows Exact Stiefel Optimization for Probabilistic PLS: Closed-Form Updates, Error Bounds, and Calibrated Uncertainty A Composite Activation Function for Learning Stable Binary Representations Adaptive Calibration in Non-Stationary Environments Real vs. Semi-Simulated: Rethinking Evaluation for Treatment Effect Estimation Federated Language Models Under Bandwidth Budgets: Distillation Rates and Conformal Coverage On Variance Reduction in Learning Mean Flows When Attention Beats Fourier: Multi-Scale Transformers for PDE Solving on Irregular Domains A Refined Generalization Analysis for Extreme Multi-class Supervised Contrastive Representation Learning Ensemble Distributionally Robust Bayesian Optimisation The Proxy Presumption: From Semantic Embeddings to Valid Social Measures Modulated learning for private and distributed regression with just a single sample per client device Query-efficient model evaluation using cached responses Order-Agnostic Autoregressive Modelling with Missing Data Grokking or Glitching? 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Complete version Beyond Fixed False Discovery Rates: Post-Hoc Conformal Selection with E-Variables Beyond Augmented-Action Surrogates for Multi-Expert Learning-to-Defer Spatio-temporal probabilistic forecast using MMAF-guided learning Conformal Policy Control The Implicit Curriculum: Learning Dynamics in RL with Verifiable Rewards Probabilistic NDVI Forecasting from Sparse Satellite Time Series and Weather Covariates Constrained Policy Optimization with Cantelli-Bounded Value-at-Risk Factorizable joint shift revisited Feature Learning Dynamics in Infinite-Depth Neural Networks Statistically-Guided Meta-Learning for Cross-Deployment Activity Recognition in Distributed Fiber-Optic Sensing DAPS++: Rethinking Diffusion Inverse Problems with Decoupled Posterior Annealing Branching Flows: Discrete, Continuous, and Manifold Flow Matching with Splits and Deletions Manifold Dimension Estimation via Local Graph Structure Neural ARFIMA model for forecasting BRIC exchange rates with long memory Neural Stochastic Differential Equations on Compact State Spaces: Theory, Methods, and Application to Suicide Risk Modeling BOOST: A Data-Driven Framework for the Automated Joint Selection of Kernel and Acquisition Functions in Bayesian Optimization Random Walk Learning and the Pac-Man Attack Random Matrix Theory for Deep Learning: Beyond Eigenvalues of Linear Models Data Balancing Strategies: A Systematic Survey of Resampling and Augmentation Methods Post-Training Augmentation Invariance Optimizing LLM Inference: Fluid-Guided Online Scheduling with Memory Constraints Dataset-Driven Channel Masks in Transformers for Multivariate Time Series Survival of the Cheapest: Cost-Aware Hardware Adaptation for Adversarial Robustness
End-to-End Deep Learning for Predicting Metric Space-Valued Outputs
Yidong Zhou, Su I Iao, Hans-Georg Müller · 2025-09-28 · via stat updates on arXiv.org

Many modern applications involve predicting structured, non-Euclidean outputs such as probability distributions, networks, and symmetric positive-definite matrices. These outputs are naturally modeled as elements of general metric spaces, where classical regression techniques that rely on vector space structure no longer apply. We introduce E2M (End-to-End Metric regression), a deep learning framework for predicting metric space-valued outputs. E2M performs prediction via weighted Fréchet means over training outputs, where the weights are learned by a neural network conditioned on the input. This construction provides a principled mechanism for geometry-aware prediction that avoids surrogate embeddings and restrictive parametric assumptions, while fully preserving the intrinsic geometry of the output space. We establish theoretical guarantees, including a universal approximation theorem that characterizes the expressive capacity of the model and a convergence analysis of the entropy-regularized training objective. Through extensive simulations involving probability distributions, networks, and symmetric positive-definite matrices, we show that E2M consistently achieves state-of-the-art performance, with its advantages becoming more pronounced at larger sample sizes. Applications to human mortality distributions and New York City taxi networks further demonstrate the flexibility and practical utility of this framework.