Abstract:The increasing demand for access to microdata in official statistics and data-intensive applications raises important challenges concerning disclosure risk, inferential validity and preservation of statistical utility. This paper proposes an interpretable energy-driven framework for privacy-aware synthetic data generation in mixed-type data. The proposed methodology combines discriminative modelling, Bayesian-Network proposal mechanisms, Metropolis--Hastings sampling and post-generation optimization within a constrained probabilistic framework. Unlike perturbation-based approaches, privacy-aware behaviour is achieved through constrained stochastic exploration guided by explicit plausibility, privacy, diversity and structural-coherence penalties. The framework is specifically designed for mixed-type tabular data characterized by sparse configurations, heterogeneous variable types and complex multivariate dependency structures. The generation process is formulated as a multi-objective sampling problem balancing statistical fidelity and disclosure-risk while preserving predictive utility. An extensive empirical evaluation is conducted using a mixed-type individual-level dataset containing demographic, behavioural and health-related variables. The validation strategy combines statistical fidelity diagnostics, predictive analyses, diversity measures, nearest-neighbour risk analysis, membership inference attacks and Split Conformal Prediction. The empirical results suggest that the proposed framework is capable of preserving a substantial portion of the predictive and multivariate structure of the original data while limiting exact memorization phenomena and maintaining favourable privacy-aware behaviour. The proposed methodology provides an interpretable framework for synthetic data generation under competing utility and privacy constraints.
From: Pierpaolo Massoli [view email]
[v1]
Mon, 15 Jun 2026 09:55:18 UTC (49 KB)
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