Abstract:The accelerating decarbonization of energy systems has transformed electrical power systems into complex infrastructures exposed to threats whose interactions generate systemic vulnerabilities that conventional resilience approaches fail to capture. Although resilience assessment has expanded across multiple dimensions, existing studies largely examine them in isolation or adjacent pairs, leaving cross-dimensional couplings insufficiently explored. This study demonstrates i) that single-dimension assessments fail to capture the degradation produced by simultaneous cross-dimensional failures, ii) the nonlinear amplification emerging when physical, operational, and digital-cyber dimensions are jointly compromised, and iii) the intensification imposed by climatic and economic-regulatory stressors.
To this end, we leverage a hybrid quantitative methodology. A PRISMA 2020 review with backward and forward snowballing identifies methodological gaps and unresolved dependencies across five resilience dimensions: physical, operational, digital-cyber, climatic-external, and economic-regulatory. Following this analysis, a Multidimensional Resilience Index (MDRI) is developed to capture endogenous couplings and exogenous amplification effects and is validated under escalating cyber-physical attack scenarios inspired by the December 2025 attack on Polish energy infrastructure. Results show that degradation under cascading and simultaneous failures is nearly eight times greater than under isolated stress, while exogenous conditions amplify degradation by an additional factor approaching six, with 72% of this amplification driven by exogenous stressors. Combined, these mechanisms produce a 46-fold increase in resilience loss compared to a single-vector reference.
From: Ioannis Zografopoulos [view email]
[v1]
Sat, 6 Jun 2026 08:51:25 UTC (2,091 KB)
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