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Beyond Binary Edits Robust Multimodal Knowledge Editing with Adversarial Subspace Alignment Agentic Proving for Program Verification MemAudit: Post-hoc Auditing of Poisoned Agent Memory via Causal Attribution and Structural Anomaly Detection OpenSkillEval: Automatically Auditing the Open Skill Ecosystem for LLM Agents One Policy, Infinite NPCs: Persona-Traceable Shared RL Policies for Scalable Game Agents How Human-Like Are Large Language Models? A Register-Aware Linguistic Evaluation Framework Benchmarking Google Embeddings 2 against Open-Source Models for Multilingual Dense Retrieval and RAG Systems Structure-Guided Entity Resolution: Fine-Tuning LLMs for Robust Name Matching in Complex Linguistic Contexts Solving the Aircraft Disassembly Scheduling Problem Co-ReAct: Rubrics as Step-Level Collaborators for ReAct Agents CP or DP? Why Not Both: A Case Study in the Partial Shop Scheduling Problem Asking For An Old Friend: Diagnosing and Mitigating Temporal Failure Modes in LLM-based Statutory Question Answering EDGE-OPD: Internalizing Privileged Context with Evidence Guided On-Policy Distillation ARES: Automated Rubric Synthesis for Scalable LLM Reinforcement Learning SSDAU: Structured Semantic Data Augmentation for Joint Entity and Relation Extraction Naturalistic measure of social norms alignment Articulatory strategy as a source of variation in acoustic vowel dynamics When Planning Fails Despite Correct Execution: On Epistemic Calibration for LLM-Based Multi-Agent Systems EquiSumm : A Gender Bias-Aware Framework for Inclusive Tweet Summarization Metacognition as Reward: Reinforcing LLM Reasoning via Knowledge and Regulation Signals From Correctness to Preference: A Framework for Personalized Agentic Reinforcement Learning Cultural Adaptation in Large Language Models for Political Discourse Emotion Recognition in Sign Language Conversation ClimateChat-300K: A Multi-Modal Facebook Dataset for Understanding Diverse Perspectives in Climate Communication AraHopeCorpus: Annotation Guidelines and Dataset for Hope Speech in Arabic Social Media Crisis Discourse Human-in-the-Loop Multi-Agent Ventilator Decision Support with Contextual Bandit Preference Learning Convergence Without Understanding: When Language Models Agree on Representations but Disagree on Reasoning DART: Semantic Recoverability for Structured Tool Agents Ontological Knowledge Blocks: Executable Compliance and Profile-Based Validation for Trustworthy AI Systems Parallel Context Compaction for Long-Horizon LLM Agent Serving When Is Next-Token Prediction Useful? Marginalization, Ergodicity, Mixture Identifiability, Local Sufficiency, RAG, Tools, and Programming Design and Report Benchmarks for Knowledge Work GENSTRAT: Toward a Science of Strategic Reasoning in Large Language Models Foundation Protocol: A Coordination Layer for Agentic Society AutoResearch AI: Towards AI-Powered Research Automation for Scientific Discovery Hidden Human-Like Nature of Machine-Generated Texts: Theory and Detection Enhancement Self-Improving In-Context Learning Redrawing the AI Map: A Theory of Accountability Boundaries in Agentic Ecosystems Positional Failures in Long-Context LLMs: A Blind Spot in Reasoning Benchmarks Fast-dDrive: Efficient Block-Diffusion VLM for Autonomous Driving Same Model, Different Weakness: How Language and Modality Reshape the Jailbreak Attack Surface in Frontier MLLMs When Symptoms Are Not Enough: Evidence-Weighting Patterns in Large Language Model Psychiatric Screening As X, Do Y: How Persona and Task Combine in Instruction-Tuned LLMs CoReVAD: A Contextual Reasoning Framework for Training-Free Video Anomaly Detection Inconsistency-aware Multimodal Schrödinger Bridge for Deepfake Localization Inductive Deductive Synthesis: Enabling AI to Generate Formally Verified Systems A Fine-Tuned BERT Classifier for Personal-Letter Titles in Late-Ming and Early-Qing Collected Works A Comparative Evaluation of Structural Topic Models and BERTopic for Short, Open-Ended Survey Responses PathCal: State-Aware Reflection-Marker Calibration for Efficient Reasoning The Efficiency Frontier: A Unified Framework for Cost-Performance Optimization in LLM Context Management Flow Mismatching: Unsupervised Anomaly Detection via Velocity Discrepancies in Flow Matching Models DFKI-MLT at SemEval-2026 TASK 7: Steering Multilingual Models Towards Cultural Knowledge RoboSurg-VQA: A Multimodal Benchmark for Surgical Segmentation-Aware Visual Question Answering What Training Data Teaches RL Memory Agents: An Empirical Study of Curriculum Effects in Memory-Augmented QA Dithering Defense: Adversarial Robustness of Vision Foundation Models via Multi-Level Floyd-Steinberg Dithering Millimeter-wave Imaging for Anthropometric Body Measurement Model Collapse as Cultural Evolution DreamerNLplus: Interpretable Modeling of Mental Health Dynamics from Social Media Timelines using Hybrid Rule-Based and RAG Methods The TIME Machine: On The Power of Motion for Efficient Perception HawkesLLM: Semantic Uncertainty Propagation in Agentic Text Simulation Do Language Models Know What Not to Say? Causal Evidence for Statistical Preemption in LLMs Multilingual Steering by Design: Multilingual Sparse Autoencoders and Principled Layer Selection Sparse Autoencoders Map Brain-LLM Alignment onto Cortical Semantic Topography Brain-LLM Alignment Tracks Training Data, Not Typology The Deterministic Horizon: Impossibility Results as Design Specifications for Trustworthy AI Systems Scene Reconstruction as Mapping Priors for 3D Detection CoMoGen: COntrollable MOtion Dynamics and Interactions with Mask-Guided Video GENeration A Proactive Multi-Agent Dialogue Framework for Assessing Social Language Disorder Traits in Autism Memorization Dynamics of Fill-in-the-Middle Pretraining A Reproducible Universal Dependencies-Style Pipeline for Katharevousa Greek Parliamentary Text When AI Takes Sides on Questions of Faith: Persistent Asymmetries in AI-Mediated Faith Guidance Can AI Guess What You Know? 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Kronecker Embeddings: Byte-Level Structured Token Representations for Parameter-Efficient Language Models
Rohan Shravan · 2026-05-28 · via cs updates on arXiv.org

Large language models route every input through a learned embedding table of shape |V| x d_model, consuming hundreds of millions to billions of trainable parameters at frontier scale. We introduce Kronecker Embeddings, a deterministic byte-level character-position factorization that replaces this table with a fixed encoder and a single learned projection, compatible with standard BPE tokenizers, eliminating 91--94% of input-side trainable parameters at frontier scale. We provide five contributions. First, a cross-model probe across six LMs (135M-671B parameters) shows trained input embeddings cluster typographic variants of the probe word far more than morphological relatives; Kronecker escapes this clustering at the embedding layer. Second, a controlled three-seed comparison on nanoGPT GPT-2 124M over 2.5B tokens of FineWeb-Edu shows Kronecker reaching 2.5 +- 0.2% lower validation loss than the BPE-tied baseline (gap 0.083 +- 0.007 nats, ~9% lower perplexity), needing ~1.43x fewer steps to reach BPE's converged loss. Third, a spelling-robustness probe over 110 clean/typo pairs shows Kronecker preserves the top-1 prediction on 55.5% of pairs vs. 47.3% for BPE (+8.2 pp) and lowers KL by 7.6%, winning or tying in 10 of 11 categories; a generation probe shows Kronecker echoes byte-novel strings and typos through generation where BPE forgets them. Fourth, BPE embedding norm drifts during training while Kronecker projection norm stays near 1.0, consistent with a stable representational target. Fifth, an on-the-fly runtime variant reconstructs embeddings from a 4.5 MB byte buffer rather than a 2.15 GB table at vocabulary 131,072, with 0.01--0.24% step-time overhead. Byte-level locality has a tradeoff: byte-similar but semantically distant pairs (compute/commute, nation/notion) cluster together, shifting disambiguation to early attention layers.