Abstract:The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models have emerged as the state-of-the-art paradigm for scaling up large language models (LLMs) without proportionally increased computational cost. However, its on-device deployment faces a critical challenge due to the large memory requirement for storing all expert parameters. 3D NAND-based computing-in-memory (CIM) architectures uniquely offer high storage capacity and reduced data movement, while they are ill-suited for MoE models with dynamically sparse expert activation, leading to a degradation of effective computational parallelism, along with underutilization of multibit storage capability of Flash cells. In this work, we proposed a 3D NAND-based content addressable-selected CIM architecture, dubbed as NASiC, which is tailored to MoE models. By leveraging the intrinsic string structure of 3D NAND technology, NASiC fuses the dynamical expert selection through CAM-based masking mechanism and activated expert computation through CIM into a single computation cycle, eradicating redundant computation and enhancing computational parallelism. Moreover, circuit-level optimizations and multibit CIM cell are co-designed with proposed NASiC architecture, featuring block-wise parallel computation with in-situ signed multibit input and weight expansion, substantially improving the throughput and energy-efficiency of NAND CIM array, as well as the utilization of high-density 3D NAND technology for MoE models. With extensive experimental results, we demonstrate NASiC achieves 4-114.8x improved performance and 3.9-70x improved energy efficiency over state-of-the-art designs, along with high accuracy, showing its great potential for efficient on-device MoE LLM inference.
| Comments: | Accepted by DAC 2026 |
| Subjects: | Hardware Architecture (cs.AR) |
| Cite as: | arXiv:2605.23294 [cs.AR] |
| (or arXiv:2605.23294v1 [cs.AR] for this version) | |
| https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2605.23294 arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite |
From: Weikai Xu [view email]
[v1]
Fri, 22 May 2026 07:10:57 UTC (4,266 KB)
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