Abstract:We present a finite-time framework for identifying stable and unstable linear time-invariant (LTI) systems from a single closed-loop input-output trajectory. The method does not require knowledge of the stabilizing controller, an intermediate observer, or prior separation of the plant into stable and unstable components. The approach uses a non-causal finite impulse response (FIR) model obtained from a Laurent expansion of the transfer function. In this representation, stable dynamics are captured by causal Markov parameters, while unstable dynamics are captured by non-causal coefficients associated with reverse-time stable evolution. This avoids the growth of causal unstable Markov parameters. A key advantage is that the coefficients multiplying both the input and the process noise remain controlled by stable and reverse-time stable decay rates, rather than by growing forward-time unstable dynamics. To handle closed-loop data, we use the injected excitation as an instrumental variable, which removes the bias caused by correlation between the feedback input and the process noise. Under explicit instrument-strength and closed-loop concentration conditions, we derive a non-asymptotic error bound for the estimated Laurent/FIR Markov parameters with the usual $\mathcal{O}(N^{-1/2})$ statistical rate, up to logarithmic factors and truncation terms. The bound captures the effects of process noise, measurement noise, FIR horizons, closed-loop state moments, and controller-dependent instrument conditioning. Numerical experiments support the finite-time analysis by showing the predicted Markov-parameter convergence rate and illustrating how controller-dependent instrument conditioning affects the sample complexity of closed-loop identification.
| Subjects: | Systems and Control (eess.SY) |
| Cite as: | arXiv:2605.24393 [eess.SY] |
| (or arXiv:2605.24393v1 [eess.SY] for this version) | |
| https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2605.24393 arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite (pending registration) |
From: Ahmad Al-Tawaha [view email]
[v1]
Sat, 23 May 2026 04:36:28 UTC (321 KB)
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