Intracranial aneurysm rupture causes subarachnoid hemorrhage with mortality near 50%, making early detection critical. Although CTA enables rapid screening, detecting small aneurysms within the complex three-dimensional branching of the Circle of Willis remains expertise-dependent. Existing automated systems are constrained by class imbalance, skull-base artifacts that mimic vascular contrast, and reliance on global binary classification without structured localization, limiting surgical relevance and interpretability. We propose CMTF-Net, a cross-modal target fusion framework that reframes aneurysm screening as anatomically structured reasoning. By supervising 14 vascular territories independently, the network encodes Circle of Willis geometry while allowing multi-segment activation, aligning model design with clinical workflow. CMTF-Net achieves near-perfect AUC-ROC with narrow confidence intervals and sustained precision under imbalance. Grad-CAM and causal maps show spatially localized activation along major arteries, supporting interpretable, anatomically grounded screening in low-data settings.