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ClawGUI: A Unified Framework for Training, Evaluating, and Deploying GUI Agents On the Robustness of Watermarking for Autoregressive Image Generation Revisiting Compositionality in Dual-Encoder Vision-Language Models: The Role of Inference Anthropogenic Regional Adaptation in Multimodal Vision-Language Model From Redaction to Restoration: Deep Learning for Medical Image Anonymization and Reconstruction The Salami Slicing Threat: Exploiting Cumulative Risks in LLM Systems BoxTuning: Directly Injecting the Object Box for Multimodal Model Fine-Tuning Semantic-Geometric Dual Compression: Training-Free Visual Token Reduction for Ultra-High-Resolution Remote Sensing Understanding Lightweight Low-Light Image Enhancement via Distribution-Normalizing Preprocessing and Depthwise U-Net Back to the Barn with LLAMAs: Evolving Pretrained LLM Backbones in Finetuning Vision Language Models Pseudo-Unification: Entropy Probing Reveals Divergent Information Patterns in Unified Multimodal Models QShield: Securing Neural Networks Against Adversarial Attacks using Quantum Circuits Evaluating the Impact of Medical Image Reconstruction on Downstream AI Fairness and Performance Retinal Cyst Detection from Optical Coherence Tomography Images LoViF 2026 The First Challenge on Weather Removal in Videos STORM: End-to-End Referring Multi-Object Tracking in Videos Data-Efficient Surgical Phase Segmentation in Small-Incision Cataract Surgery: A Controlled Study of Vision Foundation Models Rethinking the Diffusion Model from a Langevin Perspective Zero-shot World Models Are Developmentally Efficient Learners Edu-MMBias: A Three-Tier Multimodal Benchmark for Auditing Social Bias in Vision-Language Models under Educational Contexts VGA-Bench: A Unified Benchmark and Multi-Model Framework for Video Aesthetics and Generation Quality Evaluation Degradation-Consistent Paired Training for Robust AI-Generated Image Detection FREE-Switch: Frequency-based Dynamic LoRA Switch for Style Transfer Demographic and Linguistic Bias Evaluation in Omnimodal Language Models FlowPalm: Optical Flow Driven Non-Rigid Deformation for Geometrically Diverse Palmprint Generation Cross-Cultural Value Awareness in Large Vision-Language Models I Walk the Line: Examining the Role of Gestalt Continuity in Object Binding for Vision Transformers GLEaN: A Text-to-image Bias Detection Approach for Public Comprehension From UAV Imagery to Agronomic Reasoning: A Multimodal LLM Benchmark for Plant Phenotyping Not Your Stereo-Typical Estimator: Combining Vision and Language for Volume Perception
Which Direction to Choose? An Analysis on the Representat...
Yannis Kaltampanidis, Alexandros Doumanoglou, Dimitrios Zarpalas · 2025-09-18 · via cs.CV updates on arXiv.org

Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) for Vision Transformers (ViTs) has recently demonstrated considerable potential as a pre-training strategy for a variety of computer vision tasks, including image classification and segmentation, both in standard and few-shot downstream contexts. Two pre-training objectives dominate the landscape of SSL techniques: Contrastive Learning and Masked Image Modeling. Features (or tokens) extracted from the final transformer attention block -- specifically, the keys, queries, and values -- as well as features obtained after the final block's feed-forward layer, have become a common foundation for addressing downstream tasks. However, in many existing approaches, these pre-trained ViT features are further processed through additional transformation layers, often involving lightweight heads or combined with distillation, to achieve superior task performance. Although such methods can improve task outcomes, to the best of our knowledge, a comprehensive analysis of the intrinsic representation capabilities of unaltered ViT features has yet to be conducted. This study aims to bridge this gap by systematically evaluating the use of these unmodified features across image classification and segmentation tasks, in both standard and few-shot contexts. The classification and segmentation rules that we use are either hyperplane based (as in logistic regression) or cosine-similarity based, both of which rely on the presence of interpretable directions in the ViT's latent space. Based on the previous rules and without the use of additional feature transformations, we conduct an analysis across token types, tasks, and pre-trained ViT models. This study provides insights into the optimal choice for token type and decision rule based on the task, context, and the pre-training objective, while reporting detailed findings on two widely-used datasets.