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ClawGUI: A Unified Framework for Training, Evaluating, and Deploying GUI Agents On the Robustness of Watermarking for Autoregressive Image Generation Revisiting Compositionality in Dual-Encoder Vision-Language Models: The Role of Inference Anthropogenic Regional Adaptation in Multimodal Vision-Language Model From Redaction to Restoration: Deep Learning for Medical Image Anonymization and Reconstruction The Salami Slicing Threat: Exploiting Cumulative Risks in LLM Systems BoxTuning: Directly Injecting the Object Box for Multimodal Model Fine-Tuning Semantic-Geometric Dual Compression: Training-Free Visual Token Reduction for Ultra-High-Resolution Remote Sensing Understanding Lightweight Low-Light Image Enhancement via Distribution-Normalizing Preprocessing and Depthwise U-Net Back to the Barn with LLAMAs: Evolving Pretrained LLM Backbones in Finetuning Vision Language Models Pseudo-Unification: Entropy Probing Reveals Divergent Information Patterns in Unified Multimodal Models QShield: Securing Neural Networks Against Adversarial Attacks using Quantum Circuits Evaluating the Impact of Medical Image Reconstruction on Downstream AI Fairness and Performance Retinal Cyst Detection from Optical Coherence Tomography Images LoViF 2026 The First Challenge on Weather Removal in Videos STORM: End-to-End Referring Multi-Object Tracking in Videos Data-Efficient Surgical Phase Segmentation in Small-Incision Cataract Surgery: A Controlled Study of Vision Foundation Models Rethinking the Diffusion Model from a Langevin Perspective Zero-shot World Models Are Developmentally Efficient Learners Edu-MMBias: A Three-Tier Multimodal Benchmark for Auditing Social Bias in Vision-Language Models under Educational Contexts VGA-Bench: A Unified Benchmark and Multi-Model Framework for Video Aesthetics and Generation Quality Evaluation Degradation-Consistent Paired Training for Robust AI-Generated Image Detection FREE-Switch: Frequency-based Dynamic LoRA Switch for Style Transfer Demographic and Linguistic Bias Evaluation in Omnimodal Language Models FlowPalm: Optical Flow Driven Non-Rigid Deformation for Geometrically Diverse Palmprint Generation Cross-Cultural Value Awareness in Large Vision-Language Models I Walk the Line: Examining the Role of Gestalt Continuity in Object Binding for Vision Transformers GLEaN: A Text-to-image Bias Detection Approach for Public Comprehension From UAV Imagery to Agronomic Reasoning: A Multimodal LLM Benchmark for Plant Phenotyping Not Your Stereo-Typical Estimator: Combining Vision and Language for Volume Perception
Linearized Attention Cannot Enter the Kernel Regime at An...
Jose Marie Antonio Miñoza, Paulo Mario P. Medina, Sebastian C. I · 2026-03-13 · via cs.CV updates on arXiv.org

Understanding whether attention mechanisms converge to the kernel regime is foundational to the validity of influence functions for transformer accountability. Exact NTK characterization of softmax attention is precluded by its exponential nonlinearity; linearized attention is the canonical tractable proxy and the object of study here. This paper establishes that even this proxy does not converge to its NTK limit at any practical width, revealing a fundamental trade-off in the learning dynamics of attention. An exact correspondence is established between parameter-free linearized attention and a data-dependent Gram-induced kernel; spectral amplification analysis shows that the attention transformation cubes the Gram matrix's condition number, requiring width $m = Ω(κ_d(\mathbf{G})^6 n\log n)$ for NTK convergence, where $κ_d(\mathbf{G})$ is the effective condition number of the rank-$\min(n,d)$ truncation of the input Gram matrix; for natural image datasets this threshold is physically infeasible ($m \gg 10^{24}$ for MNIST and $m \gg 10^{29}$ for CIFAR-10, 12--17 orders of magnitude beyond the largest known architectures). \emph{Influence malleability} is introduced to characterize this non-convergence: linearized attention exhibits 2--9$\times$ higher malleability than ReLU networks under adversarial data perturbation, with the gap depending on dataset condition number and task setting. A dual implication is established: the same data-dependent kernel is shown theoretically to reduce approximation error when targets align with the data geometry, while, empirically, creating vulnerability to adversarial manipulation of the training data. The structural argument extends to trainable QKV attention under standard initialization, with direct consequences for influence methods applied to deployed transformer architectures.