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Policy Split: Incentivizing Dual-Mode Exploration in LLM Reinforcement with Dual-Mode Entropy Regularization METER: Evaluating Multi-Level Contextual Causal Reasoning in Large Language Models Think Before you Write: QA-Guided Reasoning for Character Descriptions in Books METRO: Towards Strategy Induction from Expert Dialogue Transcripts for Non-collaborative Dialogues Retrieval as Generation: A Unified Framework with Self-Triggered Information Planning Do LLMs Know Tool Irrelevance? Demystifying Structural Alignment Bias in Tool Invocations Enhancing Multimodal Large Language Models for Ancient Chinese Character Evolution Analysis via Glyph-Driven Fine-Tuning Exploring Knowledge Conflicts for Faithful LLM Reasoning: Benchmark and Method CocoaBench: Evaluating Unified Digital Agents in the Wild MathAgent: Adversarial Evolution of Constraint Graphs for Mathematical Reasoning Data Synthesis Efficient Training for Cross-lingual Speech Language Models Shared Emotion Geometry Across Small Language Models: A Cross-Architecture Study of Representation, Behavior, and Methodological Confounds A Systematic Analysis of the Impact of Persona Steering on LLM Capabilities Uncertainty-Aware Web-Conditioned Scientific Fact-Checking When Valid Signals Fail: Regime Boundaries Between LLM Features and RL Trading Policies When Verification Fails: How Compositionally Infeasible Claims Escape Rejection Mem$^2$Evolve: Towards Self-Evolving Agents via Co-Evolutionary Capability Expansion and Experience Distillation AOP-Smart: A RAG-Enhanced Large Language Model Framework for Adverse Outcome Pathway Analysis Advancing Polish Language Modeling through Tokenizer Optimization in the Bielik v3 7B and 11B Series TInR: Exploring Tool-Internalized Reasoning in Large Language Models Do BERT Embeddings Encode Narrative Dimensions? A Token-Level Probing Analysis of Time, Space, Causality, and Character in Fiction Generating Multiple-Choice Knowledge Questions with Interpretable Difficulty Estimation using Knowledge Graphs and Large Language Models Deep-Reporter: Deep Research for Grounded Multimodal Long-Form Generation Too Nice to Tell the Truth: Quantifying Agreeableness-Driven Sycophancy in Role-Playing Language Models Learning and Enforcing Context-Sensitive Control for LLMs Efficient Process Reward Modeling via Contrastive Mutual Information Computational Lesions in Multilingual Language Models Separate Shared and Language-specific Brain Alignment Bridging Linguistic Gaps: Cross-Lingual Mapping in Pre-Training and Dataset for Enhanced Multilingual LLM Performance Early Decisions Matter: Proximity Bias and Initial Trajectory Shaping in Non-Autoregressive Diffusion Language Models LLMs Should Incorporate Explicit Mechanisms for Human Empathy
A Discordance-Aware Multimodal Framework with Multi-Agent...
Pegah Ahadian, Mingrui Yang, Sixu Chen, Xiaojuan Li, Qiang Guan · 2026-03-13 · via cs.AI updates on arXiv.org

Knee osteoarthritis frequently exhibits discordance between structural damage observed in imaging and patient-reported symptoms such as pain. This mismatch complicates clinical interpretation and patient stratification and remains insufficiently modeled in existing decision support systems. We propose a discordance aware multimodal framework that combines machine learning prediction models with a tool grounded multi agent reasoning system. Using baseline data from the FNIH Osteoarthritis Biomarkers Consortium, we trained multimodal models to predict two progression tasks, joint space loss only progression versus non progression, and pain only progression versus non progression. The predictive system integrates three modality specific experts: a CatBoost tabular model using demographic, radiographic, MRI-derived scalar, and biomarker features; MRI image embeddings extracted using a ResNet18 backbone; and Xray embeddings derived from the same architecture. Expert predictions are fused using a stacking ensemble. Residual based models estimate expected pain from structural features, enabling the computation of a pain structure discordance score between observed and expected symptoms. A multi-agent reasoning layer interprets these signals to assign clinically interpretable OA phenotypes and generate phenotype specific management recommendations.