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Policy Split: Incentivizing Dual-Mode Exploration in LLM Reinforcement with Dual-Mode Entropy Regularization METER: Evaluating Multi-Level Contextual Causal Reasoning in Large Language Models Think Before you Write: QA-Guided Reasoning for Character Descriptions in Books METRO: Towards Strategy Induction from Expert Dialogue Transcripts for Non-collaborative Dialogues Retrieval as Generation: A Unified Framework with Self-Triggered Information Planning Do LLMs Know Tool Irrelevance? Demystifying Structural Alignment Bias in Tool Invocations Enhancing Multimodal Large Language Models for Ancient Chinese Character Evolution Analysis via Glyph-Driven Fine-Tuning Exploring Knowledge Conflicts for Faithful LLM Reasoning: Benchmark and Method CocoaBench: Evaluating Unified Digital Agents in the Wild MathAgent: Adversarial Evolution of Constraint Graphs for Mathematical Reasoning Data Synthesis Efficient Training for Cross-lingual Speech Language Models Shared Emotion Geometry Across Small Language Models: A Cross-Architecture Study of Representation, Behavior, and Methodological Confounds A Systematic Analysis of the Impact of Persona Steering on LLM Capabilities Uncertainty-Aware Web-Conditioned Scientific Fact-Checking When Valid Signals Fail: Regime Boundaries Between LLM Features and RL Trading Policies When Verification Fails: How Compositionally Infeasible Claims Escape Rejection Mem$^2$Evolve: Towards Self-Evolving Agents via Co-Evolutionary Capability Expansion and Experience Distillation AOP-Smart: A RAG-Enhanced Large Language Model Framework for Adverse Outcome Pathway Analysis Advancing Polish Language Modeling through Tokenizer Optimization in the Bielik v3 7B and 11B Series TInR: Exploring Tool-Internalized Reasoning in Large Language Models Do BERT Embeddings Encode Narrative Dimensions? A Token-Level Probing Analysis of Time, Space, Causality, and Character in Fiction Generating Multiple-Choice Knowledge Questions with Interpretable Difficulty Estimation using Knowledge Graphs and Large Language Models Deep-Reporter: Deep Research for Grounded Multimodal Long-Form Generation Too Nice to Tell the Truth: Quantifying Agreeableness-Driven Sycophancy in Role-Playing Language Models Learning and Enforcing Context-Sensitive Control for LLMs Efficient Process Reward Modeling via Contrastive Mutual Information Computational Lesions in Multilingual Language Models Separate Shared and Language-specific Brain Alignment Bridging Linguistic Gaps: Cross-Lingual Mapping in Pre-Training and Dataset for Enhanced Multilingual LLM Performance Early Decisions Matter: Proximity Bias and Initial Trajectory Shaping in Non-Autoregressive Diffusion Language Models LLMs Should Incorporate Explicit Mechanisms for Human Empathy
Measuring and Exploiting Contextual Bias in LLM-Assisted ...
Dimitris Mitropoulos, Nikolaos Alexopoulos, Georgios Alexopoulos · 2026-03-19 · via cs.AI updates on arXiv.org

Automated Code Review (ACR) systems integrating Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly adopted in software development workflows, ranging from interactive assistants to autonomous agents in CI/CD pipelines. In this paper, we study how LLM-based vulnerability detection in ACR is affected by the framing effect: the tendency to let the presentation of information override its semantic content in forming judgments. We examine whether adversaries can exploit this through contextual-bias injection: crafting PR metadata to bias ACR security judgments as a supply-chain attack vector against real-world ACR pipelines. To this end, we first conduct a large-scale exploratory study across 6 LLMs under five framing conditions, establishing the framing effect as a systematic and widespread phenomenon in LLM-based vulnerability detection, with bug-free framing producing the strongest effect. We then design a realistic and controlled experimental environment, evaluating 17 CVEs across 10 real-world projects, to assess the susceptibility of real-world ACR pipelines to vulnerability reintroduction attacks. We employ two attack strategies: a template-based attack inspired by prior related work, and a novel LLM-assisted iterative refinement attack. We find that template-based attacks are ineffective and may even backfire, as direct biasing attempts raise suspicions. Our iterative refinement attack, on the other hand, achieves 100% success, exploiting a fundamental asymmetry: attackers can iteratively refine attacks against a local clone of the review pipeline, while defenders have only one chance to detect them. Debiasing via metadata redaction and explicit instructions restores detection in all affected cases. Overall, our findings highlight the dangers of over-relying on ACR and stress the importance of human oversight and contributor trust in the development process.