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Policy Split: Incentivizing Dual-Mode Exploration in LLM Reinforcement with Dual-Mode Entropy Regularization METER: Evaluating Multi-Level Contextual Causal Reasoning in Large Language Models Think Before you Write: QA-Guided Reasoning for Character Descriptions in Books METRO: Towards Strategy Induction from Expert Dialogue Transcripts for Non-collaborative Dialogues Retrieval as Generation: A Unified Framework with Self-Triggered Information Planning Do LLMs Know Tool Irrelevance? Demystifying Structural Alignment Bias in Tool Invocations Enhancing Multimodal Large Language Models for Ancient Chinese Character Evolution Analysis via Glyph-Driven Fine-Tuning Exploring Knowledge Conflicts for Faithful LLM Reasoning: Benchmark and Method CocoaBench: Evaluating Unified Digital Agents in the Wild MathAgent: Adversarial Evolution of Constraint Graphs for Mathematical Reasoning Data Synthesis Efficient Training for Cross-lingual Speech Language Models Shared Emotion Geometry Across Small Language Models: A Cross-Architecture Study of Representation, Behavior, and Methodological Confounds A Systematic Analysis of the Impact of Persona Steering on LLM Capabilities Uncertainty-Aware Web-Conditioned Scientific Fact-Checking When Valid Signals Fail: Regime Boundaries Between LLM Features and RL Trading Policies When Verification Fails: How Compositionally Infeasible Claims Escape Rejection Mem$^2$Evolve: Towards Self-Evolving Agents via Co-Evolutionary Capability Expansion and Experience Distillation AOP-Smart: A RAG-Enhanced Large Language Model Framework for Adverse Outcome Pathway Analysis Advancing Polish Language Modeling through Tokenizer Optimization in the Bielik v3 7B and 11B Series TInR: Exploring Tool-Internalized Reasoning in Large Language Models Do BERT Embeddings Encode Narrative Dimensions? A Token-Level Probing Analysis of Time, Space, Causality, and Character in Fiction Generating Multiple-Choice Knowledge Questions with Interpretable Difficulty Estimation using Knowledge Graphs and Large Language Models Deep-Reporter: Deep Research for Grounded Multimodal Long-Form Generation Too Nice to Tell the Truth: Quantifying Agreeableness-Driven Sycophancy in Role-Playing Language Models Learning and Enforcing Context-Sensitive Control for LLMs Efficient Process Reward Modeling via Contrastive Mutual Information Computational Lesions in Multilingual Language Models Separate Shared and Language-specific Brain Alignment Bridging Linguistic Gaps: Cross-Lingual Mapping in Pre-Training and Dataset for Enhanced Multilingual LLM Performance Early Decisions Matter: Proximity Bias and Initial Trajectory Shaping in Non-Autoregressive Diffusion Language Models LLMs Should Incorporate Explicit Mechanisms for Human Empathy
ICaRus: Identical Cache Reuse for Efficient Multi Model I...
Sunghyeon Woo, Jaeeun Kil, Hoseung Kim, Minsub Kim, Joonghoon Ki · 2026-02-27 · via cs.AI updates on arXiv.org

Multi model inference has recently emerged as a prominent paradigm, particularly in the development of agentic AI systems. However, in such scenarios, each model must maintain its own Key-Value (KV) cache for the identical prompt, leading to substantial memory consumption. This explosive growth of KV caches forces LLM serving systems to evict previously stored caches, which in turn introduces significant recomputation overhead whenever the evicted caches are required again. Moreover, prefix caching is inherently infeasible across different models, forcing each model to recompute KV cache for the identical prompt, which leads to significant overhead. To alleviate these issues, we propose Identical Cache Reuse (ICaRus), a novel architecture that allows multiple models to share identical KV caches across all layers. ICaRus is based on the key observation that a decoder-only Transformer can be conceptually decomposed into a logical encoder, which generates KV caches, and a logical decoder, which predicts output tokens from the KV caches. ICaRus fine-tunes only the logical decoder while freezing the logical encoder, enabling multiple models to share an identical KV cache. This eliminates cache memory explosion and unexpected evictions while also allowing cross-model reuse of KV caches for new input tokens, thereby removing redundant recomputation in multi model inference achieving both efficiency and scalability. Moreover, by incorporating lightweight adapters such as LoRA, ICaRus parallelizes KV cache generation and next-token prediction during decoding. ICaRus achieves comparable accuracy to task-specific fine-tuned model across a diverse set of tasks, while allowing multiple specialized models to fully share KV caches. ICaRus achieves up to 11.1x lower P95 latency and 3.8x higher throughput in multi agent workflow with 8 different models, compared to conventional multi model system.