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cs.AI updates on arXiv.org

Policy Split: Incentivizing Dual-Mode Exploration in LLM Reinforcement with Dual-Mode Entropy Regularization METER: Evaluating Multi-Level Contextual Causal Reasoning in Large Language Models Think Before you Write: QA-Guided Reasoning for Character Descriptions in Books METRO: Towards Strategy Induction from Expert Dialogue Transcripts for Non-collaborative Dialogues Retrieval as Generation: A Unified Framework with Self-Triggered Information Planning Do LLMs Know Tool Irrelevance? Demystifying Structural Alignment Bias in Tool Invocations Enhancing Multimodal Large Language Models for Ancient Chinese Character Evolution Analysis via Glyph-Driven Fine-Tuning Exploring Knowledge Conflicts for Faithful LLM Reasoning: Benchmark and Method CocoaBench: Evaluating Unified Digital Agents in the Wild MathAgent: Adversarial Evolution of Constraint Graphs for Mathematical Reasoning Data Synthesis Efficient Training for Cross-lingual Speech Language Models Shared Emotion Geometry Across Small Language Models: A Cross-Architecture Study of Representation, Behavior, and Methodological Confounds A Systematic Analysis of the Impact of Persona Steering on LLM Capabilities Uncertainty-Aware Web-Conditioned Scientific Fact-Checking When Valid Signals Fail: Regime Boundaries Between LLM Features and RL Trading Policies When Verification Fails: How Compositionally Infeasible Claims Escape Rejection Mem$^2$Evolve: Towards Self-Evolving Agents via Co-Evolutionary Capability Expansion and Experience Distillation AOP-Smart: A RAG-Enhanced Large Language Model Framework for Adverse Outcome Pathway Analysis Advancing Polish Language Modeling through Tokenizer Optimization in the Bielik v3 7B and 11B Series TInR: Exploring Tool-Internalized Reasoning in Large Language Models Do BERT Embeddings Encode Narrative Dimensions? A Token-Level Probing Analysis of Time, Space, Causality, and Character in Fiction Generating Multiple-Choice Knowledge Questions with Interpretable Difficulty Estimation using Knowledge Graphs and Large Language Models Deep-Reporter: Deep Research for Grounded Multimodal Long-Form Generation Too Nice to Tell the Truth: Quantifying Agreeableness-Driven Sycophancy in Role-Playing Language Models Learning and Enforcing Context-Sensitive Control for LLMs Efficient Process Reward Modeling via Contrastive Mutual Information Computational Lesions in Multilingual Language Models Separate Shared and Language-specific Brain Alignment Bridging Linguistic Gaps: Cross-Lingual Mapping in Pre-Training and Dataset for Enhanced Multilingual LLM Performance Early Decisions Matter: Proximity Bias and Initial Trajectory Shaping in Non-Autoregressive Diffusion Language Models LLMs Should Incorporate Explicit Mechanisms for Human Empathy
Stress Classification from ECG Signals Using Vision Trans...
Zeeshan Ahmad, Naimul Khan · 2026-03-19 · via cs.AI updates on arXiv.org

Vision Transformers have shown tremendous success in numerous computer vision applications; however, they have not been exploited for stress assessment using physiological signals such as Electrocardiogram (ECG). In order to get the maximum benefit from the vision transformer for multilevel stress assessment, in this paper, we transform the raw ECG data into 2D spectrograms using short time Fourier transform (STFT). These spectrograms are divided into patches for feeding to the transformer encoder. We also perform experiments with 1D CNN and ResNet-18 (CNN model). We perform leave-onesubject-out cross validation (LOSOCV) experiments on WESAD and Ryerson Multimedia Lab (RML) dataset. One of the biggest challenges of LOSOCV based experiments is to tackle the problem of intersubject variability. In this research, we address the issue of intersubject variability and show our success using 2D spectrograms and the attention mechanism of transformer. Experiments show that vision transformer handles the effect of intersubject variability much better than CNN-based models and beats all previous state-of-the-art methods by a considerable margin. Moreover, our method is end-to-end, does not require handcrafted features, and can learn robust representations. The proposed method achieved 71.01% and 76.7% accuracies with RML dataset and WESAD dataset respectively for three class classification and 88.3% for binary classification on WESAD.