You turn a text timestamp into a datetime object with datetime.strptime() when the layout never changes. You use datetime.fromisoformat() for ISO strings from APIs and logs.

from datetime import datetime

dt = datetime.strptime("2024-06-15 10:30:00", "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
print(dt)  # 2024-06-15 10:30:00

strptime() gives you a datetime.datetime you compare, subtract, or pass to strftime(). When the text varies, install python-dateutil and call dateutil.parser.parse().

You will work through all three parsers, the main format codes, time zones, errors, and time.strptime() for legacy struct_time output.

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• datetime.strptime(string, format) needs a known layout. Both arguments are strings.
• datetime.fromisoformat(string) fits ISO 8601 values like 2024-06-15T10:30:00+05:30 on Python 3.11 and later.
• dateutil.parser.parse(string) guesses the layout. Use this for user input, not million-row CSV jobs.
• strftime() writes a string from a datetime. Remember: parse = strptime, format = strftime.
• .date() and .time() drop the parts you do not need.
• Wrong formats raise ValueError. Wrap imports in try/except or loop over format strings.
• %z handles offsets like +0530. fromisoformat() handles +05:30 with the colon on Python 3.11+.
• time.strptime() returns struct_time. Most apps should call datetime.strptime() instead.
• Python 3.12 and 3.13 on Ubuntu 24.04 LTS keep these APIs unchanged. Start with the stdlib before you add packages.

• Python 3.8 or later. Python 3.11+ gives you the widest fromisoformat() support.

• You know strings and the datetime module.

• Optional: python-dateutil. Install with pip:

  pip install python-dateutil
  

See the full list in the strftime() and strptime() format codes docs.

datetime.strptime(date_string, format) matches your format codes to the string and returns a datetime object.

Parse a date and time string

from datetime import datetime

datetime_str = '09/19/22 13:55:26'
datetime_object = datetime.strptime(datetime_str, '%m/%d/%y %H:%M:%S')

print(type(datetime_object))
print(datetime_object)

Output:

<class 'datetime.datetime'>
2022-09-19 13:55:26

Parse to date or time only

from datetime import datetime

date_str = '09-19-2022'
date_object = datetime.strptime(date_str, '%m-%d-%Y').date()
print(date_object)  # 2022-09-19

time_str = '13:55:26'
time_object = datetime.strptime(time_str, '%H:%M:%S').time()
print(time_object)  # 13:55:26

Parse mm dd yyyy and ISO-style strings

from datetime import datetime

print(datetime.strptime("12 25 2024", "%m %d %Y"))
print(datetime.strptime("2024-12-25", "%Y-%m-%d"))

# Three-digit milliseconds use %f (microseconds). Python pads with zeros.
print(datetime.strptime("2024-06-15 10:30:00.123", "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f"))

Output:

2024-12-25 00:00:00
2024-12-25 00:00:00
2024-06-15 10:30:00.123000

datetime.fromisoformat() reads many ISO 8601 strings with no manual format string. You see this shape in REST APIs and databases.

from datetime import datetime

print(datetime.fromisoformat("2024-06-15T10:30:00"))
print(datetime.fromisoformat("2024-06-15T10:30:00+05:30"))

Output:

2024-06-15 10:30:00
2024-06-15 10:30:00+05:30

Python version notes:

• 3.7+: YYYY-MM-DD and basic T separators.
• 3.11+: more ISO variants, including several timezone forms.
• 3.6-3.10: smaller subset. Reach for dateutil.parser.parse() on odd strings.

Strings ending in Z mean UTC. On older Python, swap Z for +00:00 first:

s = "2024-06-15T10:30:00Z"
dt = datetime.fromisoformat(s.replace("Z", "+00:00"))

When each row looks different, dateutil.parser.parse() infers the layout:

from dateutil import parser

print(parser.parse("Jun 1 2005 1:33PM"))
print(parser.parse("2024-06-15"))

Run pip install python-dateutil first.

parse() costs more CPU on huge files because the library inspects each string. Stick with strptime() when every row shares one format.

Parse human-readable dates with a fixed format

You do not need dateutil for Jun 1 2005 1:33PM. Spell out the format:

from datetime import datetime

s = "Jun 1 2005 1:33PM"
dt = datetime.strptime(s, "%b %d %Y %I:%M%p")
print(dt)

Output:

2005-06-01 13:33:00

There is no space before %p because the input runs PM right after the minutes.

Numeric offset with strptime() and %z. The offset has no colon:

from datetime import datetime

dt = datetime.strptime("2024-06-15 10:30:00+0530", "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S%z")
print(dt)  # timezone-aware

ISO offset with a colon works on Python 3.11+ through fromisoformat():

from datetime import datetime

dt = datetime.fromisoformat("2024-06-15T10:30:00+05:30")

Named zones like America/New_York need zoneinfo (stdlib in Python 3.9+). Parse the naive local time, then attach the zone. Read How to Get the Current Date and Time in Python for worked examples.

Extra text or a wrong format raises ValueError:

from datetime import datetime

datetime_str = '09/19/18 13:55:26'

try:
    datetime.strptime(datetime_str, '%m/%d/%y')
except ValueError as err:
    print(err)  # unconverted data remains:  13:55:26

Loop over formats until one succeeds:

from datetime import datetime

def parse_flexible(value: str):
    formats = ("%Y-%m-%d", "%m/%d/%Y", "%d-%m-%Y")
    for fmt in formats:
        try:
            return datetime.strptime(value, fmt)
        except ValueError:
            continue
    raise ValueError(f"no format matched: {value!r}")

print(parse_flexible("2024-06-15"))

Log the raw string when a row fails. You fix bad data faster.

strftime() reverses strptime(). You go from object to string.

from datetime import datetime

date_object = datetime.strptime("12 25 2024", "%m %d %Y")
print(date_object.strftime("%Y-%m-%d"))      # 2024-12-25
print(date_object.strftime("%d, %m, %Y"))    # 25, 12, 2024

Use this for yyyy-mm-dd filenames, SQL literals, or JSON fields.

The time module exposes time.strptime(). You get a time.struct_time tuple, not a datetime object:

import time

time_str = 'Mon Dec 12 14:55:02 2022'
time_obj = time.strptime(time_str)  # default format
print(time_obj.tm_year, time_obj.tm_mon, time_obj.tm_mday)

Omit the format and Python expects '%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y'.

Build a datetime from the tuple when you need one:

from datetime import datetime
import time

struct = time.strptime("Mon Dec 12 14:55:02 2022")
print(datetime(*struct[:6]))

New projects should default to datetime.strptime().

pandas.to_datetime() converts whole columns. Pass format like strptime, or leave format=None to infer:

import pandas as pd

df = pd.DataFrame({"logged_at": ["2024-06-15", "2024-06-16"]})
df["logged_at"] = pd.to_datetime(df["logged_at"], format="%Y-%m-%d")
print(df.dtypes)

Mixed formats in one column? Set errors="coerce" so bad rows become NaT instead of crashing the job. Start with the Pandas module tutorial if DataFrames are new to you.

Locale-specific month names

Non-English month names need a locale your OS provides:

from datetime import datetime
import locale

locale.setlocale(locale.LC_ALL, 'de_DE.UTF-8')
dt = datetime.strptime('16-Dezember-2022', '%d-%B-%Y')
print(dt)

If setlocale fails, install the language pack or keep month names in English and match them with %B or %b.

1. How do you convert a string to a datetime in Python?

You call datetime.strptime() with a format string:

from datetime import datetime

dt = datetime.strptime("2024-12-25", "%Y-%m-%d")

ISO timestamps go through datetime.fromisoformat("2024-12-25T10:30:00").

2. What does strptime() do?

strptime() means string parse time. You supply format codes (%Y, %m, %d, and others). Python returns a datetime. The time module version returns struct_time. Neither function guesses the layout.

3. What is strftime() in Python?

strftime() formats a datetime into a string. The codes match strptime(), but the direction flips. dt.strftime("%Y-%m-%d") prints 2024-06-15.

4. How do you use strptime() and strftime() together?

Parse, change the object, then format:

from datetime import datetime

raw = "12/25/2024"
dt = datetime.strptime(raw, "%m/%d/%Y")
iso = dt.strftime("%Y-%m-%d")
print(iso)  # 2024-12-25

5. How do you convert a string to a timestamp in Python?

Parse first, then call .timestamp() for Unix seconds:

from datetime import datetime

dt = datetime.strptime("2024-06-15 10:30:00", "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
print(int(dt.timestamp()))

Aware datetimes use UTC rules. For struct_time, use time.mktime() on the tuple from time.strptime() (local clock semantics).

6. How do you get a date instead of a datetime?

Parse, then call .date():

from datetime import datetime

d = datetime.strptime("12 25 2024", "%m %d %Y").date()
print(d)  # 2024-12-25

7. Is dateutil.parser.parse() slower than strptime()?

Yes on large uniform files. dateutil inspects every string. Fixed-format CSV and log columns run faster with strptime() or pandas.to_datetime(). See the Pandas module tutorial.

You now have three paths: strptime() for fixed layouts, fromisoformat() for ISO API fields, and dateutil.parser when the text varies. Add time zone handling before production, wrap untrusted input in try/except, and reach for strftime() when you export strings again.

Keep going with Python tutorials, str() and repr() in Python, and the official datetime documentation.

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