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Playing Along: Learning a Double-Agent Defender for Belief Steering via Theory of Mind RPA-Check: A Multi-Stage Automated Framework for Evaluating Dynamic LLM-based Role-Playing Agents A Triadic Suffix Tokenization Scheme for Numerical Reasoning Hidden Measurement Error in LLM Pipelines Distorts Annotation, Evaluation, and Benchmarking Synthius-Mem: Brain-Inspired Hallucination-Resistant Persona Memory Achieving 94.4% Memory Accuracy and 99.6% Adversarial Robustness on LoCoMo Time is Not a Label: Continuous Phase Rotation for Temporal Knowledge Graphs and Agentic Memory NovBench: Evaluating Large Language Models on Academic Paper Novelty Assessment Policy Split: Incentivizing Dual-Mode Exploration in LLM Reinforcement with Dual-Mode Entropy Regularization METER: Evaluating Multi-Level Contextual Causal Reasoning in Large Language Models Think Before you Write: QA-Guided Reasoning for Character Descriptions in Books METRO: Towards Strategy Induction from Expert Dialogue Transcripts for Non-collaborative Dialogues Retrieval as Generation: A Unified Framework with Self-Triggered Information Planning Do LLMs Know Tool Irrelevance? Demystifying Structural Alignment Bias in Tool Invocations Enhancing Multimodal Large Language Models for Ancient Chinese Character Evolution Analysis via Glyph-Driven Fine-Tuning Polyglot Teachers: Evaluating Language Models for Multilingual Synthetic Data Generation Exploring Knowledge Conflicts for Faithful LLM Reasoning: Benchmark and Method CocoaBench: Evaluating Unified Digital Agents in the Wild MathAgent: Adversarial Evolution of Constraint Graphs for Mathematical Reasoning Data Synthesis Evaluating Memory Capability in Continuous Lifelog Scenario How Robust Are Large Language Models for Clinical Numeracy? An Empirical Study on Numerical Reasoning Abilities in Clinical Contexts Efficient Training for Cross-lingual Speech Language Models Shared Emotion Geometry Across Small Language Models: A Cross-Architecture Study of Representation, Behavior, and Methodological Confounds A Systematic Analysis of the Impact of Persona Steering on LLM Capabilities Uncertainty-Aware Web-Conditioned Scientific Fact-Checking When Valid Signals Fail: Regime Boundaries Between LLM Features and RL Trading Policies When Verification Fails: How Compositionally Infeasible Claims Escape Rejection Mem$^2$Evolve: Towards Self-Evolving Agents via Co-Evolutionary Capability Expansion and Experience Distillation AOP-Smart: A RAG-Enhanced Large Language Model Framework for Adverse Outcome Pathway Analysis OccuBench: Evaluating AI Agents on Real-World Professional Tasks via Language Environment Simulation Advancing Polish Language Modeling through Tokenizer Optimization in the Bielik v3 7B and 11B Series
Not All Thoughts Need HBM: Semantics-Aware Memory Hierarc...
Aojie Yuan, Tianqi Shen, Dajun Zhang · 2026-05-10 · via cs.CL updates on arXiv.org

Reasoning LLMs produce thousands of chain-of-thought tokens whose KV cache must reside in scarce GPU HBM. The dominant response -- permanently evicting low-importance tokens -- is catastrophic for reasoning: accuracy collapses to 0-2.5% when half the cache is removed. We ask a different question: must every token live in HBM, or can some live elsewhere? We introduce a semantics-aware memory hierarchy that sorts tokens into four tiers -- HBM, DDR, compressed, and evicted -- using cumulative attention scoring. Low-importance tokens are moved to CPU memory rather than destroyed; before each attention step they are prefetched back at full precision, contributing exactly the same terms as if they had never left the GPU. We formalize this as zero-approximation-error offloading and derive our central finding: accuracy depends solely on how many tokens are permanently discarded (the eviction ratio), not on how many remain in HBM. A controlled 3x3 grid over HBM and eviction ratios confirms this across three model scales (7B-32B) and four benchmarks. With only 3% eviction, the hierarchy retains 91% of full-cache accuracy on GSM8K and 71% on MATH-500 (n=200); at 14B scale it matches the uncompressed baseline (90% vs. 86%) while halving HBM occupancy. A head-to-head reproduction of R-KV -- the current SOTA eviction method -- on our setup achieves only 0-32% at comparable budgets. A system prototype with real GPU-CPU data movement shows that the price of this preservation is modest -- 5-7% transfer overhead -- and scaling analysis projects 2-48 GB HBM savings at production batch sizes.