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cs.CL updates on arXiv.org

Playing Along: Learning a Double-Agent Defender for Belief Steering via Theory of Mind RPA-Check: A Multi-Stage Automated Framework for Evaluating Dynamic LLM-based Role-Playing Agents A Triadic Suffix Tokenization Scheme for Numerical Reasoning Hidden Measurement Error in LLM Pipelines Distorts Annotation, Evaluation, and Benchmarking Synthius-Mem: Brain-Inspired Hallucination-Resistant Persona Memory Achieving 94.4% Memory Accuracy and 99.6% Adversarial Robustness on LoCoMo Time is Not a Label: Continuous Phase Rotation for Temporal Knowledge Graphs and Agentic Memory NovBench: Evaluating Large Language Models on Academic Paper Novelty Assessment Policy Split: Incentivizing Dual-Mode Exploration in LLM Reinforcement with Dual-Mode Entropy Regularization METER: Evaluating Multi-Level Contextual Causal Reasoning in Large Language Models Think Before you Write: QA-Guided Reasoning for Character Descriptions in Books METRO: Towards Strategy Induction from Expert Dialogue Transcripts for Non-collaborative Dialogues Retrieval as Generation: A Unified Framework with Self-Triggered Information Planning Do LLMs Know Tool Irrelevance? Demystifying Structural Alignment Bias in Tool Invocations Enhancing Multimodal Large Language Models for Ancient Chinese Character Evolution Analysis via Glyph-Driven Fine-Tuning Polyglot Teachers: Evaluating Language Models for Multilingual Synthetic Data Generation Exploring Knowledge Conflicts for Faithful LLM Reasoning: Benchmark and Method CocoaBench: Evaluating Unified Digital Agents in the Wild MathAgent: Adversarial Evolution of Constraint Graphs for Mathematical Reasoning Data Synthesis Evaluating Memory Capability in Continuous Lifelog Scenario How Robust Are Large Language Models for Clinical Numeracy? An Empirical Study on Numerical Reasoning Abilities in Clinical Contexts Efficient Training for Cross-lingual Speech Language Models Shared Emotion Geometry Across Small Language Models: A Cross-Architecture Study of Representation, Behavior, and Methodological Confounds A Systematic Analysis of the Impact of Persona Steering on LLM Capabilities Uncertainty-Aware Web-Conditioned Scientific Fact-Checking When Valid Signals Fail: Regime Boundaries Between LLM Features and RL Trading Policies When Verification Fails: How Compositionally Infeasible Claims Escape Rejection Mem$^2$Evolve: Towards Self-Evolving Agents via Co-Evolutionary Capability Expansion and Experience Distillation AOP-Smart: A RAG-Enhanced Large Language Model Framework for Adverse Outcome Pathway Analysis OccuBench: Evaluating AI Agents on Real-World Professional Tasks via Language Environment Simulation Advancing Polish Language Modeling through Tokenizer Optimization in the Bielik v3 7B and 11B Series
Knowledge-Level Consistency Reinforcement Learning: Dual-...
Junliang Li, Yucheng Wang, Yan Chen, Yu Ran, Ruiqing Zhang, Jing · 2025-09-28 · via cs.CL updates on arXiv.org

Hallucination in large language models (LLMs) during long-form generation remains difficult to address under existing reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) frameworks, as their preference rewards often overlook the model's own knowledge boundaries. In this paper, we propose the $\textbf{K}$nowledge-$\textbf{L}$evel $\textbf{C}$onsistency Reinforcement Learning $\textbf{F}$ramework ($\textbf{KLCF}$), which re-examines this problem from a distribution alignment perspective. KLCF formalizes long-form factuality as a bidirectional distribution matching objective between the policy model's expressed knowledge distribution and the base model's parametric knowledge distribution: under the constraint that generation must not exceed the support set of the base knowledge, the objective maximizes coverage of high-probability facts, thereby jointly optimizing precision and recall. To achieve this, we design a Dual-Fact Alignment mechanism that approximates the recall term using a factual checklist constructed by sampling from the base model, and constrains hallucinations with a lightweight truthfulness reward model. Both components are jointly optimized and require no external retrieval throughout training. Experimental results demonstrate that KLCF consistently improves factuality metrics across multiple long-form benchmarks and model scales, effectively alleviating hallucination and over-conservatism while maintaining efficiency and scalability.