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cs.CL updates on arXiv.org

Playing Along: Learning a Double-Agent Defender for Belief Steering via Theory of Mind RPA-Check: A Multi-Stage Automated Framework for Evaluating Dynamic LLM-based Role-Playing Agents A Triadic Suffix Tokenization Scheme for Numerical Reasoning Hidden Measurement Error in LLM Pipelines Distorts Annotation, Evaluation, and Benchmarking Synthius-Mem: Brain-Inspired Hallucination-Resistant Persona Memory Achieving 94.4% Memory Accuracy and 99.6% Adversarial Robustness on LoCoMo Time is Not a Label: Continuous Phase Rotation for Temporal Knowledge Graphs and Agentic Memory NovBench: Evaluating Large Language Models on Academic Paper Novelty Assessment Policy Split: Incentivizing Dual-Mode Exploration in LLM Reinforcement with Dual-Mode Entropy Regularization METER: Evaluating Multi-Level Contextual Causal Reasoning in Large Language Models Think Before you Write: QA-Guided Reasoning for Character Descriptions in Books METRO: Towards Strategy Induction from Expert Dialogue Transcripts for Non-collaborative Dialogues Retrieval as Generation: A Unified Framework with Self-Triggered Information Planning Do LLMs Know Tool Irrelevance? Demystifying Structural Alignment Bias in Tool Invocations Enhancing Multimodal Large Language Models for Ancient Chinese Character Evolution Analysis via Glyph-Driven Fine-Tuning Polyglot Teachers: Evaluating Language Models for Multilingual Synthetic Data Generation Exploring Knowledge Conflicts for Faithful LLM Reasoning: Benchmark and Method CocoaBench: Evaluating Unified Digital Agents in the Wild MathAgent: Adversarial Evolution of Constraint Graphs for Mathematical Reasoning Data Synthesis Evaluating Memory Capability in Continuous Lifelog Scenario How Robust Are Large Language Models for Clinical Numeracy? An Empirical Study on Numerical Reasoning Abilities in Clinical Contexts Efficient Training for Cross-lingual Speech Language Models Shared Emotion Geometry Across Small Language Models: A Cross-Architecture Study of Representation, Behavior, and Methodological Confounds A Systematic Analysis of the Impact of Persona Steering on LLM Capabilities Uncertainty-Aware Web-Conditioned Scientific Fact-Checking When Valid Signals Fail: Regime Boundaries Between LLM Features and RL Trading Policies When Verification Fails: How Compositionally Infeasible Claims Escape Rejection Mem$^2$Evolve: Towards Self-Evolving Agents via Co-Evolutionary Capability Expansion and Experience Distillation AOP-Smart: A RAG-Enhanced Large Language Model Framework for Adverse Outcome Pathway Analysis OccuBench: Evaluating AI Agents on Real-World Professional Tasks via Language Environment Simulation Advancing Polish Language Modeling through Tokenizer Optimization in the Bielik v3 7B and 11B Series
Token Statistics Reveal Conversational Drift in Multi-tur...
Wael Hafez, Amir Nazeri · 2026-03-19 · via cs.CL updates on arXiv.org

Large language models, LLMs, are increasingly deployed in multiturn settings where earlier responses shape later ones, making reliability dependent on whether a conversation remains consistent over time. When this consistency degrades undetected, downstream decisions lose their grounding in the exchange that produced them. Yet current evaluation methods assess isolated outputs rather than the interaction producing them. Here we show that conversational structural consistency can be monitored directly from token frequency statistics, without embeddings, auxiliary evaluators or access to model internals. We formalize this signal as Bipredictability, P, which measures shared predictability across the context, response, next prompt loop relative to the turn total uncertainty, and implement it in a lightweight auxiliary architecture, the Information Digital Twin, IDT. Across 4,574 conversational turns spanning 34 conditions, one student model and three frontier teacher models, P established a stable runtime baseline, aligned with structural consistency in 85 percent of conditions but with semantic quality in only 44 percent, and the IDT detected all tested contradictions, topic shifts and non-sequiturs with 100 percent sensitivity. These results show that reliability in extended LLM interaction cannot be reduced to response quality alone, and that structural monitoring from the observable token stream can complement semantic evaluation in deployment.