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cs.CL updates on arXiv.org

Detecting Safety Violations Across Many Agent Traces C-ReD: A Comprehensive Chinese Benchmark for AI-Generated Text Detection Derived from Real-World Prompts ClawGUI: A Unified Framework for Training, Evaluating, and Deploying GUI Agents General365: Benchmarking General Reasoning in Large Language Models Across Diverse and Challenging Tasks LangFlow: Continuous Diffusion Rivals Discrete in Language Modeling Discourse Diversity in Multi-Turn Empathic Dialogue Evaluating Cooperation in LLM Social Groups through Elected Leadership SWE-AGILE: A Software Agent Framework for Efficiently Managing Dynamic Reasoning Context Agentic Driving Coach: Robustness and Determinism of Agentic AI-Powered Human-in-the-Loop Cyber-Physical Systems Legal2LogicICL: Improving Generalization in Transforming Legal Cases to Logical Formulas via Diverse Few-Shot Learning Playing Along: Learning a Double-Agent Defender for Belief Steering via Theory of Mind RPA-Check: A Multi-Stage Automated Framework for Evaluating Dynamic LLM-based Role-Playing Agents A Triadic Suffix Tokenization Scheme for Numerical Reasoning Hidden Measurement Error in LLM Pipelines Distorts Annotation, Evaluation, and Benchmarking Synthius-Mem: Brain-Inspired Hallucination-Resistant Persona Memory Achieving 94.4% Memory Accuracy and 99.6% Adversarial Robustness on LoCoMo Time is Not a Label: Continuous Phase Rotation for Temporal Knowledge Graphs and Agentic Memory NovBench: Evaluating Large Language Models on Academic Paper Novelty Assessment Policy Split: Incentivizing Dual-Mode Exploration in LLM Reinforcement with Dual-Mode Entropy Regularization METER: Evaluating Multi-Level Contextual Causal Reasoning in Large Language Models Quantization Dominates Rank Reduction for KV-Cache Compression Revisiting Compositionality in Dual-Encoder Vision-Language Models: The Role of Inference Anthropogenic Regional Adaptation in Multimodal Vision-Language Model Low-rank Optimization Trajectories Modeling for LLM RLVR Acceleration Think Before you Write: QA-Guided Reasoning for Character Descriptions in Books METRO: Towards Strategy Induction from Expert Dialogue Transcripts for Non-collaborative Dialogues Retrieval as Generation: A Unified Framework with Self-Triggered Information Planning Learning from Contrasts: Synthesizing Reasoning Paths from Diverse Search Trajectories Do LLMs Know Tool Irrelevance? Demystifying Structural Alignment Bias in Tool Invocations The Salami Slicing Threat: Exploiting Cumulative Risks in LLM Systems Enhancing Multimodal Large Language Models for Ancient Chinese Character Evolution Analysis via Glyph-Driven Fine-Tuning The Past Is Not Past: Memory-Enhanced Dynamic Reward Shaping Polyglot Teachers: Evaluating Language Models for Multilingual Synthetic Data Generation RECIPER: A Dual-View Retrieval Pipeline for Procedure-Oriented Materials Question Answering Exploring Knowledge Conflicts for Faithful LLM Reasoning: Benchmark and Method CocoaBench: Evaluating Unified Digital Agents in the Wild MathAgent: Adversarial Evolution of Constraint Graphs for Mathematical Reasoning Data Synthesis Evaluating Memory Capability in Continuous Lifelog Scenario How Robust Are Large Language Models for Clinical Numeracy? An Empirical Study on Numerical Reasoning Abilities in Clinical Contexts Use of AI Tools: Guidelines to Maintain Academic Integrity in Computing Colleges Efficient Training for Cross-lingual Speech Language Models Guardrails Beat Guidance: A Large-Scale Study of Rules, Skills, and Persistent Configuration for Coding Agents Towards Proactive Information Probing: Customer Service Chatbots Harvesting Value from Conversation Shared Emotion Geometry Across Small Language Models: A Cross-Architecture Study of Representation, Behavior, and Methodological Confounds A Systematic Analysis of the Impact of Persona Steering on LLM Capabilities Uncertainty-Aware Web-Conditioned Scientific Fact-Checking Min-$k$ Sampling: Decoupling Truncation from Temperature Scaling via Relative Logit Dynamics When Valid Signals Fail: Regime Boundaries Between LLM Features and RL Trading Policies When Verification Fails: How Compositionally Infeasible Claims Escape Rejection Back to the Barn with LLAMAs: Evolving Pretrained LLM Backbones in Finetuning Vision Language Models CFMS: A Coarse-to-Fine Multimodal Synthesis Framework for Enhanced Tabular Reasoning A molecular clock for writing systems reveals the quantitative impact of imperial power on cultural evolution Mem$^2$Evolve: Towards Self-Evolving Agents via Co-Evolutionary Capability Expansion and Experience Distillation Audio Flamingo Next: Next-Generation Open Audio-Language Models for Speech, Sound, and Music ZoomR: Memory Efficient Reasoning through Multi-Granularity Key Value Retrieval AOP-Smart: A RAG-Enhanced Large Language Model Framework for Adverse Outcome Pathway Analysis OccuBench: Evaluating AI Agents on Real-World Professional Tasks via Language Environment Simulation Speaking to No One: Ontological Dissonance and the Double Bind of Conversational AI Advancing Polish Language Modeling through Tokenizer Optimization in the Bielik v3 7B and 11B Series TInR: Exploring Tool-Internalized Reasoning in Large Language Models Do BERT Embeddings Encode Narrative Dimensions? A Token-Level Probing Analysis of Time, Space, Causality, and Character in Fiction Generating Multiple-Choice Knowledge Questions with Interpretable Difficulty Estimation using Knowledge Graphs and Large Language Models Deep-Reporter: Deep Research for Grounded Multimodal Long-Form Generation BlasBench: An Open Benchmark for Irish Speech Recognition Too Nice to Tell the Truth: Quantifying Agreeableness-Driven Sycophancy in Role-Playing Language Models Teaching Language Models How to Code Like Learners: Conversational Serialization for Student Simulation Detecting RAG Extraction Attack via Dual-Path Runtime Integrity Game Bringing Value Models Back: Generative Critics for Value Modeling in LLM Reinforcement Learning SCOPE: Signal-Calibrated On-Policy Distillation Enhancement with Dual-Path Adaptive Weighting Skill-SD: Skill-Conditioned Self-Distillation for Multi-turn LLM Agents Learning and Enforcing Context-Sensitive Control for LLMs HeceTokenizer: A Syllable-Based Tokenization Approach for Turkish Retrieval Efficient Process Reward Modeling via Contrastive Mutual Information SpectralLoRA: Is Low-Frequency Structure Sufficient for LoRA Adaptation? A Spectral Analysis of Weight Updates Computational Lesions in Multilingual Language Models Separate Shared and Language-specific Brain Alignment NSFL: A Post-Training Neuro-Symbolic Fuzzy Logic Framework for Boolean Operators in Neural Embeddings Bridging Linguistic Gaps: Cross-Lingual Mapping in Pre-Training and Dataset for Enhanced Multilingual LLM Performance Calibration Collapse Under Sycophancy Fine-Tuning: How Reward Hacking Breaks Uncertainty Quantification in LLMs Knowing What to Stress: A Discourse-Conditioned Text-to-Speech Benchmark Early Decisions Matter: Proximity Bias and Initial Trajectory Shaping in Non-Autoregressive Diffusion Language Models LLMs Should Incorporate Explicit Mechanisms for Human Empathy AI Patents in the United States and China: Measurement, Organization, and Knowledge Flows ReFEree: Reference-Free and Fine-Grained Method for Evaluating Factual Consistency in Real-World Code Summarization Structure-Grounded Knowledge Retrieval via Code Dependencies for Multi-Step Data Reasoning Thinking Fast, Thinking Wrong: Intuitiveness Modulates LLM Counterfactual Reasoning in Policy Evaluation From Query to Counsel: Structured Reasoning with a Multi-Agent Framework and Dataset for Legal Consultation Dynamic Adaptive Attention and Supervised Contrastive Learning: A Novel Hybrid Framework for Text Sentiment Classification EviCare: Enhancing Diagnosis Prediction with Deep Model-Guided Evidence for In-Context Reasoning NOSE: Neural Olfactory-Semantic Embedding with Tri-Modal Orthogonal Contrastive Learning Instruction Data Selection via Answer Divergence CodaRAG: Connecting the Dots with Associativity Inspired by Complementary Learning Turing or Cantor: That is the Question LASQ: A Low-resource Aspect-based Sentiment Quadruple Extraction Dataset NameBERT: Scaling Name-Based Nationality Classification with LLM-Augmented Open Academic Data BLUEmed: Retrieval-Augmented Multi-Agent Debate for Clinical Error Detection A Structured Clustering Approach for Inducing Media Narratives Adaptive Multi-Expert Reasoning via Difficulty-Aware Routing and Uncertainty-Guided Aggregation Comparative Analysis of Large Language Models in Healthcare Hijacking Text Heritage: Hiding the Human Signature through Homoglyphic Substitution The Amazing Agent Race: Strong Tool Users, Weak Navigators CodeComp: Structural KV Cache Compression for Agentic Coding
Token-Level Entropy Reveals Demographic Disparities in Language Models
Messi H. J. Lee · 2025-02-01 · via cs.CL updates on arXiv.org

We ask whether demographic identity, signaled by a name alone, systematically reshapes the generative distribution of a language model. Measuring full-vocabulary Shannon entropy at temperature zero across six open-weight base models and 5,760 implicit sentence-completion prompts (e.g., "Tanisha walked into the office on a Monday morning and"), we find that Black-associated names produce higher first-token entropy than White-associated names across all six architectures - opposite to the output-level homogeneity bias documented under explicit demographic prompting (Lee et al., 2024) - and Black-associated names always produce greater entropy above identity-neutral baselines than White-associated names ($ΔΔ> 0$ in all six models). Women-associated names co-occur with lower first-token entropy (DL-pooled $\hatβ= -0.041, p = .019$) and more homogeneous outputs ($\hatα= +0.024, p < .001$) than men-associated names - a pattern convergent with homogeneity bias; race and gender effects are additive. Instruction tuning does not attenuate the race gap (matched-format DL-pooled $\hatβ=+0.153$). Running the same templates with explicit group labels instead of names yields null race effects in 10 of 12 models where implicit probing is significant - establishing that probing methodology is a primary determinant of which distributional structure is recovered.