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Playing Along: Learning a Double-Agent Defender for Belief Steering via Theory of Mind RPA-Check: A Multi-Stage Automated Framework for Evaluating Dynamic LLM-based Role-Playing Agents A Triadic Suffix Tokenization Scheme for Numerical Reasoning Hidden Measurement Error in LLM Pipelines Distorts Annotation, Evaluation, and Benchmarking Synthius-Mem: Brain-Inspired Hallucination-Resistant Persona Memory Achieving 94.4% Memory Accuracy and 99.6% Adversarial Robustness on LoCoMo Time is Not a Label: Continuous Phase Rotation for Temporal Knowledge Graphs and Agentic Memory NovBench: Evaluating Large Language Models on Academic Paper Novelty Assessment Policy Split: Incentivizing Dual-Mode Exploration in LLM Reinforcement with Dual-Mode Entropy Regularization METER: Evaluating Multi-Level Contextual Causal Reasoning in Large Language Models Think Before you Write: QA-Guided Reasoning for Character Descriptions in Books METRO: Towards Strategy Induction from Expert Dialogue Transcripts for Non-collaborative Dialogues Retrieval as Generation: A Unified Framework with Self-Triggered Information Planning Do LLMs Know Tool Irrelevance? Demystifying Structural Alignment Bias in Tool Invocations Enhancing Multimodal Large Language Models for Ancient Chinese Character Evolution Analysis via Glyph-Driven Fine-Tuning Polyglot Teachers: Evaluating Language Models for Multilingual Synthetic Data Generation Exploring Knowledge Conflicts for Faithful LLM Reasoning: Benchmark and Method CocoaBench: Evaluating Unified Digital Agents in the Wild MathAgent: Adversarial Evolution of Constraint Graphs for Mathematical Reasoning Data Synthesis Evaluating Memory Capability in Continuous Lifelog Scenario How Robust Are Large Language Models for Clinical Numeracy? An Empirical Study on Numerical Reasoning Abilities in Clinical Contexts Efficient Training for Cross-lingual Speech Language Models Shared Emotion Geometry Across Small Language Models: A Cross-Architecture Study of Representation, Behavior, and Methodological Confounds A Systematic Analysis of the Impact of Persona Steering on LLM Capabilities Uncertainty-Aware Web-Conditioned Scientific Fact-Checking When Valid Signals Fail: Regime Boundaries Between LLM Features and RL Trading Policies When Verification Fails: How Compositionally Infeasible Claims Escape Rejection Mem$^2$Evolve: Towards Self-Evolving Agents via Co-Evolutionary Capability Expansion and Experience Distillation AOP-Smart: A RAG-Enhanced Large Language Model Framework for Adverse Outcome Pathway Analysis OccuBench: Evaluating AI Agents on Real-World Professional Tasks via Language Environment Simulation Advancing Polish Language Modeling through Tokenizer Optimization in the Bielik v3 7B and 11B Series
Why Expert Alignment Is Hard: Evidence from Subjective Ev...
Tzu-Mi Lin, Wataru Hirota, Tatsuya Ishigaki, Lung-Hao Lee, Chung · 2026-05-06 · via cs.CL updates on arXiv.org

Aligning large language models with expert judgment is especially difficult in subjective evaluation tasks, where experts may disagree, rely on tacit criteria, and change their judgments over time. In this paper, we study expert alignment as a way to understand this difficulty. Using expert evaluations and follow-up questionnaires, we examine how different forms of expert information affect alignment and what this reveals about subjective judgment. Our findings show four consistent patterns. First, alignment difficulty varies substantially across experts, suggesting that expert evaluation styles differ widely in their distance from a model's prior behavior. Second, explicit criteria and reasoning do not always improve alignment, indicating that expert judgment is not fully captured by verbalized rules. Third, editing is sensitive to both the number and the identity of examples, with small numbers of edits providing useful but unstable gains. Fourth, alignment difficulty differs across evaluation dimensions: dimensions grounded more directly in proposal content are easier to align, while dimensions requiring external knowledge or value-based judgment remain harder. Taken together, these results suggest that expert alignment is difficult not only because of model limitations, but also because subjective evaluation is inherently heterogeneous, partly tacit, dimension-dependent, and temporally unstable.