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cs.CL updates on arXiv.org

Playing Along: Learning a Double-Agent Defender for Belief Steering via Theory of Mind RPA-Check: A Multi-Stage Automated Framework for Evaluating Dynamic LLM-based Role-Playing Agents A Triadic Suffix Tokenization Scheme for Numerical Reasoning Hidden Measurement Error in LLM Pipelines Distorts Annotation, Evaluation, and Benchmarking Synthius-Mem: Brain-Inspired Hallucination-Resistant Persona Memory Achieving 94.4% Memory Accuracy and 99.6% Adversarial Robustness on LoCoMo Time is Not a Label: Continuous Phase Rotation for Temporal Knowledge Graphs and Agentic Memory NovBench: Evaluating Large Language Models on Academic Paper Novelty Assessment Policy Split: Incentivizing Dual-Mode Exploration in LLM Reinforcement with Dual-Mode Entropy Regularization METER: Evaluating Multi-Level Contextual Causal Reasoning in Large Language Models Think Before you Write: QA-Guided Reasoning for Character Descriptions in Books METRO: Towards Strategy Induction from Expert Dialogue Transcripts for Non-collaborative Dialogues Retrieval as Generation: A Unified Framework with Self-Triggered Information Planning Do LLMs Know Tool Irrelevance? Demystifying Structural Alignment Bias in Tool Invocations Enhancing Multimodal Large Language Models for Ancient Chinese Character Evolution Analysis via Glyph-Driven Fine-Tuning Polyglot Teachers: Evaluating Language Models for Multilingual Synthetic Data Generation Exploring Knowledge Conflicts for Faithful LLM Reasoning: Benchmark and Method CocoaBench: Evaluating Unified Digital Agents in the Wild MathAgent: Adversarial Evolution of Constraint Graphs for Mathematical Reasoning Data Synthesis Evaluating Memory Capability in Continuous Lifelog Scenario How Robust Are Large Language Models for Clinical Numeracy? An Empirical Study on Numerical Reasoning Abilities in Clinical Contexts Efficient Training for Cross-lingual Speech Language Models Shared Emotion Geometry Across Small Language Models: A Cross-Architecture Study of Representation, Behavior, and Methodological Confounds A Systematic Analysis of the Impact of Persona Steering on LLM Capabilities Uncertainty-Aware Web-Conditioned Scientific Fact-Checking When Valid Signals Fail: Regime Boundaries Between LLM Features and RL Trading Policies When Verification Fails: How Compositionally Infeasible Claims Escape Rejection Mem$^2$Evolve: Towards Self-Evolving Agents via Co-Evolutionary Capability Expansion and Experience Distillation AOP-Smart: A RAG-Enhanced Large Language Model Framework for Adverse Outcome Pathway Analysis OccuBench: Evaluating AI Agents on Real-World Professional Tasks via Language Environment Simulation Advancing Polish Language Modeling through Tokenizer Optimization in the Bielik v3 7B and 11B Series
Predict, Don't React: Value-Based Safety Forecasting for ...
Pride Kavumba, Koki Wataoka, Huy H. Nguyen, Jiaxuan Li, Masaya O · 2026-04-05 · via cs.CL updates on arXiv.org

In many practical LLM deployments, a single guardrail is used for both prompt and response moderation. Prompt moderation operates on fully observed text, whereas streaming response moderation requires safety decisions to be made over partial generations. Existing text-based streaming guardrails commonly frame this output-side problem as boundary detection, training models to identify the earliest prefix at which a response has already become unsafe. In this work, we introduce StreamGuard, a unified model-agnostic streaming guardrail that instead formulates moderation as a forecasting problem: given a partial prefix, the model predicts the expected harmfulness of likely future continuations. We supervise this prediction using Monte Carlo rollouts, which enables early intervention without requiring exact token-level boundary annotations. Across standard safety benchmarks, StreamGuard performs strongly both for input moderation and for streaming output moderation. At the 8B scale, StreamGuard improves aggregated input-moderation F1 from 86.7 to 88.2 and aggregated streaming output-moderation F1 from 80.4 to 81.9 relative to Qwen3Guard-Stream-8B-strict. On the QWENGUARDTEST response_loc streaming benchmark, StreamGuard reaches 97.5 F1, 95.1 recall, and 92.6% on-time intervention, compared to 95.9 F1, 92.1 recall, and 89.9% for Qwen3Guard-Stream-8B-stric, while reducing the miss rate from 7.9% to 4.9%. We further show that forecasting-based supervision transfers effectively across tokenizers and model families: with transferred targets, Gemma3-StreamGuard-1B reaches 81.3 response-moderation F1, 98.2 streaming F1, and a 3.5% miss rate. These results show that strong end-to-end streaming moderation can be obtained without exact boundary labels, and that forecasting future risk is an effective supervision strategy for low-latency safety intervention.