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cs.CL updates on arXiv.org

Indexing Multimodal Language Models for Large-scale Image Retrieval SpatialEvo: Self-Evolving Spatial Intelligence via Deterministic Geometric Environments PersonaVLM: Long-Term Personalized Multimodal LLMs MedRCube: A Multidimensional Framework for Fine-Grained and In-Depth Evaluation of MLLMs in Medical Imaging Who Gets Flagged? The Pluralistic Evaluation Gap in AI Content Watermarking VLMs Need Words: Vision Language Models Ignore Visual Detail In Favor of Semantic Anchors (How) Learning Rates Regulate Catastrophic Overtraining Parameter Importance is Not Static: Evolving Parameter Isolation for Supervised Fine-Tuning $π$-Play: Multi-Agent Self-Play via Privileged Self-Distillation without External Data A Domain-Specific Language for LLM-Driven Trigger Generation in Multimodal Data Collection The Consciousness Cluster: Emergent preferences of Models that Claim to be Conscious KMMMU: Evaluation of Massive Multi-discipline Multimodal Understanding in Korean Language and Context Dental-TriageBench: Benchmarking Multimodal Reasoning for Hierarchical Dental Triage Detection Without Correction: A Robust Asymmetry in Activation-Based Hallucination Probing From $P(y|x)$ to $P(y)$: Investigating Reinforcement Learning in Pre-train Space UI-Zoomer: Uncertainty-Driven Adaptive Zoom-In for GUI Grounding Reward Design for Physical Reasoning in Vision-Language Models Chain of Uncertain Rewards with Large Language Models for Reinforcement Learning MERRIN: A Benchmark for Multimodal Evidence Retrieval and Reasoning in Noisy Web Environments Toward Generalized Cross-Lingual Hateful Language Detection with Web-Scale Data and Ensemble LLM Annotations Self-Calibrating Language Models via Test-Time Discriminative Distillation HumorGen: Cognitive Synergy for Humor Generation in Large Language Models via Persona-Based Distillation Claim2Vec: Embedding Fact-Check Claims for Multilingual Similarity and Clustering Spoiler Alert: Narrative Forecasting as a Metric for Tension in LLM Storytelling Human vs. Machine Deception: Distinguishing AI-Generated and Human-Written Fake News Using Ensemble Learning Weird Generalization is Weirdly Brittle Mirroring Minds: Asymmetric Linguistic Accommodation and Diagnostic Identity in ADHD and Autism Reddit Communities Why Supervised Fine-Tuning Fails to Learn: A Systematic Study of Incomplete Learning in Large Language Models Reason Only When Needed: Efficient Generative Reward Modeling via Model-Internal Uncertainty SEPTQ: A Simple and Effective Post-Training Quantization Paradigm for Large Language Models Who Wrote This Line? Evaluating the Detection of LLM-Generated Classical Chinese Poetry Training-Free Cross-Lingual Dysarthria Severity Assessment via Phonological Subspace Analysis in Self-Supervised Speech Representations Simulating Organized Group Behavior: New Framework, Benchmark, and Analysis ODUTQA-MDC: A Task for Open-Domain Underspecified Tabular QA with Multi-turn Dialogue-based Clarification Nationality encoding in language model hidden states: Probing culturally differentiated representations in persona-conditioned academic text Relational Probing: LM-to-Graph Adaptation for Financial Prediction CodeComp: Structural KV Cache Compression for Agentic Coding FAITH: Factuality Alignment through Integrating Trustworthiness and Honestness Comparative Analysis of Large Language Models in Healthcare Adaptive Multi-Expert Reasoning via Difficulty-Aware Routing and Uncertainty-Guided Aggregation A Structured Clustering Approach for Inducing Media Narratives NameBERT: Scaling Name-Based Nationality Classification with LLM-Augmented Open Academic Data LASQ: A Low-resource Aspect-based Sentiment Quadruple Extraction Dataset BLUEmed: Retrieval-Augmented Multi-Agent Debate for Clinical Error Detection Turing or Cantor: That is the Question NOSE: Neural Olfactory-Semantic Embedding with Tri-Modal Orthogonal Contrastive Learning Instruction Data Selection via Answer Divergence EviCare: Enhancing Diagnosis Prediction with Deep Model-Guided Evidence for In-Context Reasoning Dynamic Adaptive Attention and Supervised Contrastive Learning: A Novel Hybrid Framework for Text Sentiment Classification Structure-Grounded Knowledge Retrieval via Code Dependencies for Multi-Step Data Reasoning Knowing What to Stress: A Discourse-Conditioned Text-to-Speech Benchmark HeceTokenizer: A Syllable-Based Tokenization Approach for Turkish Retrieval BlasBench: An Open Benchmark for Irish Speech Recognition OccuBench: Evaluating AI Agents on Real-World Professional Tasks via Language Environment Simulation How Robust Are Large Language Models for Clinical Numeracy? An Empirical Study on Numerical Reasoning Abilities in Clinical Contexts Evaluating Memory Capability in Continuous Lifelog Scenario Polyglot Teachers: Evaluating Language Models for Multilingual Synthetic Data Generation Hidden Measurement Error in LLM Pipelines Distorts Annotation, Evaluation, and Benchmarking LangFlow: Continuous Diffusion Rivals Discrete in Language Modeling ProGAL-VLA: Grounded Alignment through Prospective Reasoning in Vision-Language-Action Models Reproduction Beyond Benchmarks: ConstBERT and ColBERT-v2 Across Backends and Query Distributions Hijacking Text Heritage: Hiding the Human Signature through Homoglyphic Substitution SpectralLoRA: Is Low-Frequency Structure Sufficient for LoRA Adaptation? A Spectral Analysis of Weight Updates Revisiting Compositionality in Dual-Encoder Vision-Language Models: The Role of Inference PICon: A Multi-Turn Interrogation Framework for Evaluating Persona Agent Consistency CAMO: A Class-Aware Minority-Optimized Ensemble for Robust Language Model Evaluation on Imbalanced Data Rethinking LLM Watermark Detection in Black-Box Settings: A Non-Intrusive Third-Party Framework SODA: Semi On-Policy Black-Box Distillation for Large Language Models C-ReD: A Comprehensive Chinese Benchmark for AI-Generated Text Detection Derived from Real-World Prompts Evaluating Cooperation in LLM Social Groups through Elected Leadership A Triadic Suffix Tokenization Scheme for Numerical Reasoning Policy Split: Incentivizing Dual-Mode Exploration in LLM Reinforcement with Dual-Mode Entropy Regularization METER: Evaluating Multi-Level Contextual Causal Reasoning in Large Language Models Anthropogenic Regional Adaptation in Multimodal Vision-Language Model METRO: Towards Strategy Induction from Expert Dialogue Transcripts for Non-collaborative Dialogues Towards Proactive Information Probing: Customer Service Chatbots Harvesting Value from Conversation A Systematic Analysis of the Impact of Persona Steering on LLM Capabilities Linear Representations of Hierarchical Concepts in Language Models TInR: Exploring Tool-Internalized Reasoning in Large Language Models Teaching Language Models How to Code Like Learners: Conversational Serialization for Student Simulation SCOPE: Signal-Calibrated On-Policy Distillation Enhancement with Dual-Path Adaptive Weighting Computational Lesions in Multilingual Language Models Separate Shared and Language-specific Brain Alignment Bridging Linguistic Gaps: Cross-Lingual Mapping in Pre-Training and Dataset for Enhanced Multilingual LLM Performance Early Decisions Matter: Proximity Bias and Initial Trajectory Shaping in Non-Autoregressive Diffusion Language Models LLMs Should Incorporate Explicit Mechanisms for Human Empathy ReFEree: Reference-Free and Fine-Grained Method for Evaluating Factual Consistency in Real-World Code Summarization From Query to Counsel: Structured Reasoning with a Multi-Agent Framework and Dataset for Legal Consultation CodaRAG: Connecting the Dots with Associativity Inspired by Complementary Learning The Amazing Agent Race: Strong Tool Users, Weak Navigators Think in Sentences: Explicit Sentence Boundaries Enhance Language Model's Capabilities CircuitSynth: Reliable Synthetic Data Generation ASPIRin: Action Space Projection for Interactivity-Optimized Reinforcement Learning in Full-Duplex Speech Language Models Computational Implementation of a Model of Category-Theoretic Metaphor Comprehension CoSToM:Causal-oriented Steering for Intrinsic Theory-of-Mind Alignment in Large Language Models FinTrace: Holistic Trajectory-Level Evaluation of LLM Tool Calling for Long-Horizon Financial Tasks Cross-Cultural Value Awareness in Large Vision-Language Models Should We be Pedantic About Reasoning Errors in Machine Translation? Instructing LLMs to Negotiate using Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards COMPOSITE-Stem GIANTS: Generative Insight Anticipation from Scientific Literature
Entropy-Aware On-Policy Distillation of Language Models
Woogyeol Jin, Taywon Min, Yongjin Yang, Swanand Ravindra Kadhe, · 2026-03-07 · via cs.CL updates on arXiv.org

On-policy distillation is a promising approach for transferring knowledge between language models, where a student learns from dense token-level signals along its own trajectories. This framework typically uses reverse KL divergence, encouraging the student to match the teacher's high-confidence predictions. However, we show that the mode-seeking property of reverse KL reduces generation diversity and yields unstable learning signals when the teacher distribution has high entropy. To address this, we introduce Entropy-Aware On-Policy Distillation. Our key idea is augmenting the standard reverse KL objective with forward KL when teacher entropy is high, capturing the full range of plausible outputs while retaining precise imitation elsewhere. It balances mode-seeking precision with mode-covering robustness without sacrificing on-policy training efficiency. Experiments show that our method maintains generation diversity (sustained token-level entropy) and improves student-teacher alignment (lower forward KL on high-entropy tokens). Across six math reasoning benchmarks, this yields Pass@8 accuracy gains of +1.37 for Qwen3-0.6B-Base, +2.39 for Qwen3-1.7B-Base, and +5.05 for Qwen3-4B-Base compared to baseline on-policy distillation methods. These results demonstrate that accounting for teacher uncertainty is essential for maintaining diversity and achieving effective knowledge transfer.