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Prism: Spectral-Aware Block-Sparse Attention
Xinghao Wang · 2026-05-26 · via cs.CL updates on arXiv.org

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Abstract:Block-sparse attention is promising for accelerating long-context LLM pre-filling, yet identifying relevant blocks efficiently remains a bottleneck. Existing methods typically employ coarse-grained attention as a proxy for block importance estimation, but often resort to expensive token-level searching or scoring, resulting in significant selection overhead. In this work, we trace the inaccuracy of standard coarse-grained attention via mean pooling to a theoretical root cause: the interaction between mean pooling and Rotary Positional Embeddings (RoPE). We prove that mean pooling acts as a low-pass filter that induces destructive interference in high-frequency dimensions, effectively creating a "blind spot" for local positional information (e.g., slash patterns). To address this, we introduce Prism, a training-free spectral-aware approach that decomposes block selection into high-frequency and low-frequency branches. By applying energy-based temperature calibration, Prism restores the attenuated positional signals directly from pooled representations, enabling block importance estimation using purely block-level operations, thereby improving efficiency. Extensive evaluations confirm that Prism maintains accuracy parity with full attention while delivering up to $\mathbf{5.1\times}$ speedup.
Comments: ICML 2026
Subjects: Computation and Language (cs.CL); Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI); Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV)
Cite as: arXiv:2602.08426 [cs.CL]
  (or arXiv:2602.08426v2 [cs.CL] for this version)
  https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2602.08426

arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite

Submission history

From: Xinghao Wang [view email]
[v1] Mon, 9 Feb 2026 09:31:06 UTC (1,263 KB)
[v2] Mon, 25 May 2026 11:18:29 UTC (1,561 KB)